Class Starter
• What is a Scientist?
• A person who is studying or has
expert knowledge of one or more
of the natural or physical
sciences.
Cell Theory and
the Scientists
Who Helped
Shape It
How do you think we have attained the scientific
knowledge we have today?
• Experimenting
How is the body of knowledge
communicated around the world?
• Discoveries
“If I have seen further,
it is because
I was standing on
the shoulders
of giants.”
Sir Isaac Newton
Scientists and
the Cell Theory
Hans & Zacharias Janssen
• 1590
• Father and Son
Produced first
compound
microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Born: October 24,
1632
• Died: August 30,
1723
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek
• He is known as
the “Father of
Microscopy.”
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Discoveries:
- 1673: He looked
at pond scum
under the
microscope and
discovered small
organisms he
called animalcules
or little animals
(Protists)
- 1676: discovered
bacteria
http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/TimLynch/sci_class/c
hap09/lesson_protista/Protista_Lesson.html#Algae
Robert Hooke
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Hooke.html
• Born: July 18, 1635
• Died: March 3,
1703
• Wrote and
published
“Micrographia”
• Known as the
“English Father of
Microscopy”
Robert Hooke
Contributions:
- He observed pieces of
cork from the bark of a
cork tree under the
microscope.
- His observations led
him to coin the word
“cell.”
- “Cell”- means little
rooms in Latin
- He compared the small
boxes to the small rooms
that monks lived in.
http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/life/s
ession1/closer1.html
Matthias Schleiden
•
•
•
•
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article9066147/Mathias-Jacob-Schleiden
Born: April 5, 1804
Died: June 23, 1881
German botanist
Discovered that all
plants were made
of cells
• Contributed to the
creation of the cell
theory
Theodor Schwann
• Born: December 7, 1810
• Died: January 11, 1882
• German zoologist
• Concluded that all animals
are made of cells.
http://www.nndb.com/people/357/000096069/
• Contributed to the creation
of the cell theory
Rudolph Virchow
• Born: October 13, 1821
• Died: September 5, 1902
• German pathologist
• He is known as the
“Father of Pathology.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rudolf_Virchow.jpg
• Discovered that all living cells
come only from other living
cells.
Activity
• Create a chart a biography in groups about
your scientist.
• Needed for biography
– Background info- When was he born?
Died? Where was he from? Did he have a
family?
– What was his educational background?
– What was he labeled as: Ex. Biologist
– What was he know as?
– What did he discover?
What is a Cell?
The Cell
• The smallest unit that
can perform all life
processes
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of
cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in
living things.
3. Living cells come only from
other living cells.
Characteristics of
Living Things
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(Mr. Fadrug)
M made of cells
R reproduce
F food or raw materials
A adapt
D develop
R respond
U use energy
G grow
Characteristic of Non-living
Things
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Unicellular vs. Multicellular
• One Cell
• Simple
• Cannot See
Without
Microscope
• Examples:
Bacteria,
Amoeba
• Many Cells
Working
Together
• Complex
• Can See Without
A Microscope
• Examples:
Humans, Plants
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
• Cell Does NOT
Have a True
Nucleus
• Have NO
Membrane-Bound
organelles
• Oldest Type of Cells
• Example: Bacteria
• Cell Has a True
Nucleus
• Has Several
Membrane-Bound
Organelles
• Tend to be Larger
and More Complex
than Prokaryotes
• Examples: Human,
Plants and Animals
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi
Apparatus / Bodies / Complex
Central
Vacuole
“Storage Bin”
Cell Membrane
“Gatekeeper”
Cell Wall
Plant Only
Golgi
Apparatus
GA
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse”
Nucleus
“Boss”
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
ER
Lysosome
Chloroplasts
Plant Only
Organelle
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Function
Controls all cell activities;
Contains the genetic
material. “Boss”
Spherical body in the
nucleus of the cell
containing RNA and
produces ribosomes
Gelatin-like material where
most of the work of the cell
is carried out.
Organelle
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER)
Ribosomes
Lysosome
Function
Folded membranes used to
transport material where it is
needed – ribosomes attached
Tiny structures that process
information; makes protein.
Remember:
“Eat Some Protein Ribs”
Breaks down materials that are
taken into the cells and worn
out organelles. “Waste
Removal”
Organelle
Cell
Membrane
Function
Protective covering. Controls
material that comes in and out
of the cell.
“Gatekeeper”
Mitochondria Rod shaped structure which
produces the power/energy
needed by the cell through
cellular respiration.
“Powerhouse”
Golgi
Apparatus
(G.A.)
Store and package protein.
Organelle
Cell wall
Function
Tough outer covering that
supports and protects the plant
cell.
Chloroplasts Provides energy in plant cells
by using sunlight to make
sugar. Contains chemical
chlorophyll.
“Food Producers”
Central
Spherical storage sac for water,
food and waste.
Vacuole
“Storage Bin”
Match Function With Cell Parts
Function
• Controls cell activities
Parts of Cells
Cell Membrane
• Jellylike material that surrounds the nucleus
Cytoplasm
• Releases energy from food
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Make protein for the cell
Mitochondria
• Tubes through which materials move to all
parts of the cell
• Controls the flow of materials into and out of
the cell
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
• Breaks down worn parts of the cell
Lysosome
• Stores food, water, minerals and waste
Chloroplasts
• Thick outer covering of plant cells
Vacuole
• Structures in cells which contain chlorophyll
Match Function With Cell Parts
Function
• Controls cell activities
Parts of Cells
Cell Membrane
• Jellylike material that surrounds the nucleus
Cytoplasm
• Releases energy from food
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Make protein for the cell
Mitochondria
• Tubes through which materials move to all
parts of the cell
• Controls the flow of materials into and out of
the cell
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
• Breaks down worn parts of the cell
Lysosome
• Stores food, water, minerals and waste
Chloroplasts
• Thick outer covering of plant cells
Vacuole
• Structures in cells which contain chlorophyll
Identify Cell Parts
Animal Cell
A – Cytoplasm
B – Chloroplast
C – Nuclear Membrane
D – Nucleus
E – Endoplasmic Reticulum
F – Ribosomes
Plant Cell
G – Golgi Apparatus
H – Vacuole
I – Lysosome
J – Cell Membrane
K – Mitochondria
L – Cell Wall
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Controls cell activities
Mitochondria
Tubes that transport
Material through the cell
Match Function
With Cell Parts
And Pictures
Nucleus
Store and package
Protein
Chloroplast
Release energy from
food
Golgi Apparatus
Produces food for the
cell through
photosynthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Controls cell activities
Mitochondria
Tubes that transport
Material through the cell
Match Function
With Cell Parts
And Pictures
Nucleus
Store and package
Protein
Chloroplast
Release energy from
food
Golgi Apparatus
Produces food for the
cell through
photosynthesis
Cell Function Skit
Nucleus
Lysosome
Nucleolus
ER
Chloroplast
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Sugar
Food
Food
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane