The History of the Internet
Joachim Åberg
Peter Hedberg
Distributed Information Systems
1960
Today
The 60's
Telephone – communication network
Berkeley
Packet-switching
MIT
Rand Institute
NPL (National Physical Laboratory)
The 70's
By 1972 - ARPAnet grown to 15 nodes
NCP (network-control protocol). [RFC 001]
The first host-to host between ARPAnet users known as the NCP
Applications
Email program
The 70's
Different packet-switching networks
ARPAnet, ALOHANet, Telnet, Cyclades...
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
A network of networks.
Early versions of TCP, UDP and IP in place by the end
of the 1970's.
• 1976 Metcalfe and Boggs started an early version of
Ethernet protocol
The 80's
•
ARPAnet
–
–
•
Huge increase
From 100 to 100000
Why?
–
Universities connect
•
•
North Eastern part of USA
CSNet
–
connected computers not connected to ARPAnet
The 80's
•
Internet cornerstones
–
–
•
NSFNet created
ARPAnet NCP→ TCP/IP in 1983
Late 80's
–
Important extensions to TCP
•
–
–
Implement Congestion Control
DNS
32-bit IP
a.b.c.d
Minitel
•
•
1982
French online service
•
Free computer terminals to telephone
suscribers
Services
•
–
•
•
Online purchases, train reservations. Stock
prices, telephone directory, chat
Estimation: 25 million (out of 60) used it by the
end of the 90's
Similar systems was introduced ( Teleguide)
WWW
•
1980
–
–
–
•
1984
–
•
Tim Berners Lee
ENQUIRE
Hypertext
Physicist needed to share data
1989
–
Proposal ”a large hypertext database with typed links”
•
TIM, MOI,WWW
WWW
•
1990
–
•
92-95
–
–
•
HTTP, HTML, browser (WWW)
HTTP, GOPHER
Early Browser
• Mosaic→Netscape Navigator
96-98
–
–
Commercialization of the WWW
Google
Bubble to Present
•
1999-2001
–
•
Dot-com bubble burst
2001 →
–
–
Web 2.0
Wikipedia, MySpace, iTunes, Flickr, World of Warcraft,
Facebook, Podcast, Google Earth, Youtube, Twitter,
Bittorrent, G-Mail