International Dialogue on TVET
Hosted by NSA and QCTO
2nd-3rd April 2012
Ute Hippach-Schneider
& Michael Wiechert
Federal Institute for
Vocational Education and
Training (BIBB), Bonn
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Session 1
Overview of Labour market and VET
Structure
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Social Partners
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Social Partners
• represented in all relevant TVET-Boards on all levels, e.g.
main board at BIBB
• involved in process of change or development of new
training regulations and framework curricula
• agree on proposals for the development or revision of
training regulations before they are taken up by the
Federal Government
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Labour Market
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Labour Market
Table: Key figures of the German labour market to Year 2010
and 2011
Data of the Federal
Statistical Office
unit
2010
2011
Labour force
Mill.
43.45
43.54
Unemployed
Mill.
2.95
2.50
Unemployment rate
%
6.8
5.7
Table: Employed persons aged 15+ by Economic sector of activity as % of
total employment), 2010
EU
27
DE
Primary sector
and utilities
Manufacturing
Construction
Distribution
Business and
and transport other services
Non-marketed
services
7.0
15.7
7.7
26.4
17.9
24.8
3.3
20.0
6.7
25.3
19.2
25.5
Source:
Eurostat; Employment persons aged 15+ by economic sector of activity (NACE rev2) in thousands and as % of total employment
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Labour Market
Table: Unemployment rates related to highest educational level (in %; age
group 15 to 64), III/2011
ISCED97
All ISCED
levels
ISCED levels 0-2
ISCED Levels 3
and 4
ISCED levels 5 and
6
EU 27
9,5
16,1
8,7
5,7
Germany
5,8
13,2
5,7
2,4
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Basic structure of the German education and training system
Continuing education
Tertiary level
over 19 years
Continuing vocational
training
Dual System
Company/part-time
vocational school
Lower secondary
school
Universities
Full-time
vocational
schools
Intermediate
school
Primary school
Senior level at
compr. secondary
school
Comprehensive
secondary
school
Secondary level II
15 to 19 years
Secondary level I
10 to 15/16 years
Primary level
6 to 10 years
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Governance
Federal level
FM of Education and Research in cooperation
with other Federal Ministries responsible
Federal Institute for
Vocational Education and Training
Vocational school
Curricula
Framework
curricula
Conference of
the Ministers of
Education
Training ordinances, Laws
State level
State government
Minister of Education
Employers’ associations
Trade unions
Relevant agency
(Chamber)
Examination boards
In-company training
Works council
Youth representative
Dual system of vocational education and training
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Labour market as driver of the TVET system
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Labour market as driver of the TVET system
Social partners –
• involved in process of change or development of new training
regulations
• represented in all relevant TVET-Boards on all levels, e.g. main board at
BIBB
Chambers –
• self-governing bodies of industry and crafts
• public tasks in dual training (competent bodies)
• training advisers
• receive training contracts, check and register them,
• take care of the overall organisation of examinations.
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Laws - Overview
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Laws - Overview
Vocational Education and Training Act (BBiG; Berufsbildungsgesetz )
- establishes the framework conditions for vocational training, which come
under economy and labour laws.
Promotion of Vocational Education and Training Act (BerBiFG;
Berufsbildungsförderungsgesetz)
- safeguards and improves youth training opportunities and high-quality
vocational training for all young people.
Ordinance on Trainer Aptitude (AEVO; Ausbilder-Eignungsverordnung)
- prescribes standards for the occupational and work-related teaching
abilities of instructors.
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Vocational Education and Training Act
• Private-public partnership
• Clear financing rules
• Organisational infrastructure through the chambers
• Core elements of vocational education and training
• Mandate of Federal Institute for Vocational Education
and Training (BiBB)
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Laws - Overview
Works Constitution Act (BetrVG; Betriebsverfassungsgesetz)
- prescribes the participation rights of works councils in promoting and
implementing training measures.
Crafts Code (HwO; Gesetz zur Ordnung des Handwerks )
- regulates vocational training in greater concurrence with the Vocational
Education and Training Act in crafts trades.
Protection of Young People in Employment Act (JArbSchG; Gesetz
zum Schutz der arbeitenden Jugend)
- contains particular protective regulations for trainees and young
employees.
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Session 2
Young Learners / Other Learners
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Pathways TVET vs. HE
Table: Career plans of school leavers in spring 2010- in percent
1 secondary general school, intermediate school, integrated comprehensive school, grammar school, secondary vocational school,
vocational grammar school
2 one or two year full-time vocational school not leading to vocational qualification, basic vocational training year, prevocational training
3 work, internship, military/civil service, voluntary social/ecological year, other
Source: BIBB-school leaver surveys, weighted data
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Programmes for young learners
• Career Guidance and career education at an early stage
• Prevocational training as bridge from school to VET
• Programmes and initiatives to support transition, e.g.
“Education chains leading to Vocational
Qualifications”, career start coaches etc.
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Basic Elements of the Dual System
In-company
training
Enterprise
School
training
Learning venues
Vocational school
Legal basis for
Training ordinances
recognised occupations
Framework curricula
Legal basis for
Apprenticeship contract
training relationship
Compulsory vocational school
Company training schedule
Content of training
Curriculum
Vocational Training Act
Legal basis for
training
School acts of the states
Trainer
Training personnel
Vocational school teacher
Chambers and other
competent bodies
Counselling and
monitoring
District Presidents or
School supervisor
Training enterprises
Funding
States, districts and
municipalities
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Programmes for other learners
• CVET for adults
• Recognition of non-formal and informal learning:
examination for external candidates
• again: pre-vocational training for people with difficulties or
social disadvantages
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Programmes for other learners
Continuing education
and training
Continuing vocational
education and training
Further training
Updating
training
Continuing
general education
Retraining
Continuing
political education
On-the-job learning
Upgrading
training
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Session 3
Vocational Programmes
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Vocational training programmes (training regulations)
„CVET“
„IVET“
Vocational
training
preparation
 Basic skills
required for the
acquisition of
vocational
competence
Initial vocational
education and
training
Continuing
vocational
education and
training (1 year)
Retraining
(2 -3,5 years)
 Skills,
knowledge and
competences
 Occupational
experience
 349
 Maintaining,
upgrading or
broadening
vocational
competence
 Qualification for
another type of
job or occupation
 Career
advancement
 Approx. 150
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What do vocational training regulations (IVET & CVET) stipulate?
Designation of the training occupation
Duration of the training
„Car Mechatronic“
„2 - 3,5 Years“
Occupational profile
„Occupational Standard“
Training programme
„Training Standard“
Examination requirements
„Assessment Standard“
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Checklist for proposals to Ministries
 Need for new occupational profile (modernized / merged)?
 Broad variety of skills, knowledge and competence?
 Sufficient demand in labour market (for new occupation)?
 Duration of training (generally 3 years)?
 Perspective for lasting employment?
 Suitable for young people (age 16-19)?
Source: BIBB
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Procedure for revising existing training regulations or
developing new training regulations
BIBB research
projects / advisory
opinions
Preliminary talks
between employers
and trade unions
Work to develop
draft vocational
training
regulations
Instructions issued
by the competent
ministry
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Procedure for revising existing training regulations or
developing new training regulations
Directive of the competent Ministery
Start of the regulation process --- assignment to BIBB
Call of occupational experts from companies/ unions
Development of draft regulation (moderation: BIBB)
Coordination: company program and school curricula
Hearing the head organizations of the social partners
Joint session by experts of Federal Government and
the Länder
Statement by the main board of BIBB
Responsible Ministry in conjunction with BMBF issues the training regulation
and publication in Federal Gazette: start IVET August 1st
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Trend: Number of training regulations (occupations)
900
2012
2005
2000
1997
1994
1992
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1960
1950
349
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New and modernised training regulations (IVET)
year
new
modernised
total
1998
11
18
29
1999
4
25
29
2000
4
8
12
2001
3
8
11
2002
8
16
24
2003
8
22
30
2004
5
27
32
2005
5
18
23
2006
4
17
21
2007
3
19
22
2008
7
13
20
2009
2
12
14
total
64
203
267
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Source: BIBB, VET Data Report, 2010
Progression pathways
level 7
business economist
strategic Professionals
technical business
economist
MasterLevel
professional practice
level 6
business specialists
operative
Professionals
Meister, Technician BachelorLevel
(industry, crafts)
professional practice
level 4
Specialists / Journeyman
professional practice
(Dual System: IVET)
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Source: BIBB
Services offered by BIBB
Vocational training regulations
Instruction and
learning materials
Pilot projects
Explanatory notes
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Services offered by BIBB
Explanatory notes and implementation guides
 Detailed description and explanation of changes or new
provisions
 Illustration of the training content with the help of
examples
 Exemplary learning projects concrete picture of skills,
knowledge and competences
 Examples for interim and final examinations
Source: BIBB
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Services offered by BIBB
Media – Instruction and learning materials
 Development and testing of instruction and learning
material, usually in cooperation with experts from the
actual in-company training practice
 Broad range of didactic approaches and a variety of
instruction methods
 In Addition to written materials large number of
audiovisual materials
Source: BIBB
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Services offered by BIBB
Pilot projects
 Set up to develop and test innovations
 Implementation of a particular innovation in day-to-day
vocational training practice  success of an innovation
depends on the degree to which it proves itself under
practical conditions
 Dissemination of the findings
Source: BIBB
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Session 4
Impact Mesurement and
Supporting Systems
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Monitoring activities
 German National Education Report (Scientific
Community)
 Report on VET (BMBF)
 Data Report on VET (BIBB)
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Productivity: gross costs, gains and net costs per trainee and year
Source: BIBB Research Project
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Productivity: trainees high level of productivity reduces training costs
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Productivity: gross costs, gains, net costs per trainee and year
broken down by company size and sectors
Source: BIBB Research Project
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Productivity: hiring trainees upon completion of their training
saves recruitment costs
Source: BIBB Research Project
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Placement
Source: BIBB Research Project
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Placement
Source: BIBB Research Project
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Career guidance
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Supporting systems
 National Pact for Training and Young Skilled Staff
 Information campaign: VET – Practically unbeatable
 JOBSTARTER
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E-Learning programmes by BMBF

Self-organized learning: CVET for trainers and teachers
http://www.qualifizierungdigital.de/index.php?id=105

mediencommunity 2.0: Innovation in print and media
http://www.qualifizierungdigital.de/index.php?id=155

E-learning in 2.0 in crafts: CVET in crafts sector
http://www.qualifizierungdigital.de/index.php?id=159

Patongo: Pattern and tools for NGOs
http://www.qualifizierungdigital.de/index.php?id=232

WebZubi: Industrial and technical occupations of Deutsche Bahn
http://www.qualifizierungdigital.de/index.php?id=282

BLIP- VET in production process: Assessment support for occupations (Daimler/IGM)
http://www.qualifizierungdigital.de/index.php?id=286
Source: BMBF Homepage
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Thank You for Your Attention!
Contact:
Ute Hippach-Schneider / Michael Wiechert
0049-228-107-1630/1604
hippach-schneider@bibb.de
wiechert@bibb.de
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), Bonn
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