st
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Semester Exam Review
I. Credibility & Bias
Credibility- Capable of being
believed. Worthy of belief.
Confidence. (Watch for Bias)
Reliability-Proven accurate, a source
you can trust that contains correct
information
CRAPP- Current, Reliable,
Authority, Purpose, Point of
View
Backed by facts not opinions
Primary v Secondary Source
Thesis- A position taken in an
argument supported by a set of
reasons- or main idea
Primary- 1st person, was there
-Is always credible, but can be
biased- in their own words &
point of view
•
Secondary- Comment on or analysis
of an original text
•
Not always credible
Is consistent with other information
Support- Back up with details
Refute- Prove wrong using
evidence
II. Enlightenment
Ideas
Scientific Revolution- Apply Reason to
natural world/ Question everything- Replaces
the Church as the answers to scientific
questions
Natural Rights/Laws- All people free, Life,
Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness
Government exists to protect your natural
rights/People control Government/Change
Bad Governments (Revolution)
Enlightenment Impact on America
Declaration of Independence= Failure of British
to Protect our Natural Rights
US Constitution: Social Contract; Division of
Power; Protection of Rights
Bill of Rights: Protection of Natural Rights
Thinkers
John Locke- Natural Rights,
Gov’t protect natural rights.
Representative Democracy
Thomas Hobbes- social contract,
strong central gov’t, people evil.
Absolute Monarchy
Baron de MontesquieuSeparation of Powers,
Representative Democracy
Enlightenment part 2
Divine Right of Kings
Governments in the 1600s & 1700s dislike
Enlightenment because:
-God picked the King/Queen
-To go against King is
against God
•
to go
-Goes against tradition
Mercantilism-
-Against Divine Right
-Government controls
economy & Trade
-People wield power/not the
government
-Has Colonies to make money
-Goal: Positive balance of
= more Gold/Silver
-Don’t like their rule being
questioned
trade
-Enlightenment: People should
decide what is to be produced &
traded; no government
interaction
-Calls for the overthrow of bad
governments
-Called for a separation of Church &
State
III. Revolutions
Part I
American Revolution
•
1.
General Info
Revolution: major change in an
area- Political, Economical,
Socially…
Political Revolutions &
Enlightenment- our natural
rights are not protected so
replace that government
Be able to compare & contrast
revolutions
2.
3.
4.
5.
•
1.
2.
Causes:
Stamp Act & Intolerable Acts
Pamphlets- Common Sense
Enlightenment
Boston Tea Party
Boston Massacre
Effects
Influenced Other Revolutions
Spread Democratic Ideas
French Revolution
Revolutions Part
2
1.
Causes:
•
Taxes on 3rd Estate- 98% of
Population & Inequality
amongst Estates
1.
Causes:
•
American Revolution
•
•
Start: Storming of Bastille
Successful Revolutions in USA &
France
•
Spain Weakened by Napoleon
•
Creoles & Mestizos Upset with
Spanish
1.
Effects
2. Effects:
•
Middle Class (bourgeois) Gain
Power
•
Nationalism
•
Spread of Revolutionary Ideas
Latin American Revolution
•
•
Spread of Nationalism
Outlawing of slavery in many
nations
IV. Industrial Revolution
Why does it start in England?
1. Geography- Resources
2. Capital- Money
3. Population Growth
4. Technology
Needs of Industrialism
1. Big Population (Workers)
2. Natural Resources
3. Transportation
Agrarian Revolution- more food,
fewer farmers needed- more workers
for factories
Laissez-Faire: “Hands-Off”
Government does not get involved
in economy: Free-Market economy:
Supply & Demand
Industrialization: Go from
handmade, highly skilled workers, to
machine made- low skill workers
Labor Unions- formed to address
working conditions- gave a united
front to factory owners/Factory
Owners against- costly- do not want
to be told how to run business
Effects of the Industrial
Revolution
Positive
More & Cheaper Goods
Negative
Poor Working Conditions
Unsanitary Conditions in Cities
Rise of Middle Class
Class Movement
Lower class= no movement
Imperialism (Search for New Markets & Resources)
Child Labor
Importance of Education
Urbanization
-Kids as young as 8 in factories
-Cheaper & Small
-Abuse/ Low Pay
-Dangerous Conditions
-No Education
-Physical Problems
V. Imperialism
•
Why European success?
-Better Technology
-Better Military
The take over or control of another
nation or territory
-New Medicines
•
Social Darwinism: “Survival of the
Fittest” Western society “superior-”
so force it upon the “inferior”
countries. Also spread religion.
•
Assimilation: Forcing a group of
people to take on your customs &
traditions. (Under Asia)
•
Industrialism & Imperialism
Old Imperialism- Take colonies to
set up extensions of mother country
New Imperialism- take over for raw
materials & markets for
industrialism. Also as a symbol of
power & prestige
Nationalism & Imperialism: The
Prestige & Honor of taking
territories “Gamesmanship”
-Industrialism led to a need
for more raw materials & new
markets
-Led to Imperialism- exploit
areas (Raw Materials in Africa &
New Markets in Asia)
Imperialism in Africa & Asia
Africa
Asia
Was imperialized because of its wealth of natural
resources
Imperialized generally for its large
population- access to markets
“White Man’s Burden” belief that it was the duty
of Europeans to “civilize” & Christianize the
“inferior” people
Sphere of Influence: Areas of economic
control carved out of China by the
Europeans
Great Game/Scramble for Africa: division of
Africa by the European powers- take as much as
land as possible
Effects:
Effects:
-Positive: Access to European
Technology & Schooling. Better
Health Care, Economic Expansion (Done
for Europeans living there)
Negative: Loss of culture, loss of
political control , exploitation of
land,
borders based on European conquest
instead of tribal borders
-Positive Effects Access to
education & technology
(railroads), hospitals. (All
for Europeans living there)
done
-Negative Effects- Loss of political
control, economy tied to mother
country- not needs of the citizens,
exploitation. Collapse of
governments. Culture hurt
Test Strategies
Be On Time
15% of grade- no floor
Bring Pencil
Study Session- may stop in
morning of exam- let me
know day before.
Answer correct question
Short & Extended Response:
1.
Complete ideas
2.
Answer all parts of question
3.
Answer what is asked
4.
I can only grade what is on the
paper