Unit 5 Review PowerPoint
What did the Ku Klux Klan, literacy tests,
and grandfather clauses have as a common
intent?

(A) preventing Southern
black citizens from voting
(B) keeping poor whites
under control
(C) keeping the Republican
Party in power in the South
(D) preventing labor unions
from forming
(E) preventing Southern
states from rejoining the Union
Answer:

(A) preventing Southern black citizens from voting

Explanation: The Ku Klux Klan terrorized blacks and
Republicans throughout the South. Literacy tests were
applied to blacks to prevent them from voting, as were
grandfather clauses which stated that one was eligible to
vote only if his grandfather could vote. All were effective
means to counter the political gains made by blacks
following the Civil War.
The Compromise of 1877

(A) proved to be a huge victory for the ex-slaves and
Freedmen's Bureau programs
(B) awarded the presidency to Tilden, the
Democratic candidate
(C) marked the first time a presidential election had
been disputed
(D) effectively ended Reconstruction, as federal
troops were withdrawn from the South and Hayes was
named president
(E) provided for the continued occupation
of Southern states by the U.S. military
Answer:

(D) effectively ended Reconstruction, as federal troops
were withdrawn from the South and Hayes was named
president

Explanation: The disputed election of 1876 provided an
opportunity to end the military governance of the South
and provide Republicans with the presidency. Democrat
William Tilden gathered more popular votes than
Republican Rutherford Hayes, but several state electoral
slates were disputed. An electoral commission awarded
the presidency to Hayes and federal troops left the South
in what was termed the Compromise of 1877.
Western farmers

(A) usually specialized in a single
cash crop such as wheat or corn
because of the high cost of setting up
farm operations
(B) frequently used AfricanAmerican sharecroppers to farm
portions of their large landholdings
(C) were not dependent on
external forces such as the railroads
and the international grain market
(D) represented the U.S. dream
because they needed only a few
hundred dollars and a parcel of land
from the government to get rich in
agribusiness
(E) were generally welcomed by
the sheep and cattle ranchers of the
west
Answer:

(A) usually specialized in a single cash crop such as
wheat or corn because of the high cost of setting up farm
operations

Explanation: The economic and geographic realities of
the West made single cash crops the most popular choice
for farmers. Unlike previous American farmers who had
usually diversified their plantings, most western farmers
chose one crop, usually wheat or corn.
By the year 1876 the Indians of the Great
Plains

(A) rarely had effective
weapons
(B) had completely equal
tasks for men and women
(C) organized into one
large and powerful tribal group
(D) constituted a
complicated assortment of
tribes and cultures that often
fought with neighboring groups
(E) were very few in
number compared to Indians in
the eastern half of the U.S.
Answer:

(D) constituted a complicated assortment of tribes and
cultures that often fought with neighboring groups

Explanation:Though confronting common challenges to
their lifestyle and survival, the Plains Indians usually did
not organize intertribal opposition to white settlers or
the U.S. Army. In addition, neighboring tribes often could
not communicate easily with one another.
The 1875 Page Act was the first federal law
restricting immigration. Which group was
effectively barred from immigrating to the
U.S. with its passage?

(A) Italian stonemasons
(B) Chinese women
(C) Irish farmers
(D) Basque sheepherders
(E) Russian Jews

Answer:


(B) Chinese women
Explanation: The Page Act was designed to exclude
"undesirable" individuals from Asia coming to America to
be contract laborers, any Asian woman who would engage
in prostitution, and all people considered to be convicts in
their own country. In effect, it greatly reduced the number
of Chinese women immigrating to the U.S. In 1882, for
example, 39,579 Chinese entered the U.S., and only 136
of them were women.

In the 1890s which of the following would most likely
have advocated the abolition of child labor, better
working conditions for women, one day off during the
week, and the right of every worker to a living wage?
(A) a member of the Grange
(B) a Wall Street banker
(C) a Social Gospel minister
(D) a factory owner
(E) a western cattle rancher
Answer:

(C) a Social Gospel minister

Explanation: The leaders of the Social Gospel
movement which emerged in the late 19th century
attempted to apply biblical teachings to problems
associated with industrialization and urbanization. Under
the leadership of Washington Gladden and Walter
Rauschenbusch the movement gained strengthen among
liberal Protestant denominations.

The 1916 Adamson Act, which established an eight-hour work
day for railroad workers, was the first federal law that
regulated the hours of workers in private companies. Which of
the following 19th century labor groups supported the
concept of the eight-hour work day?

I. Knights of Labor
II. American Federation of Labor
III. National Labor Union
IV. United Mine Workers

(A) I, II, and III only
(B) I and III only
(C) II, III, and IV only
(D) all of the choices
(E) none of the choices
Answer:

(D) all of the choices

Explanation: The eight-hour work day became a chief goal of many
19th century labor organizations. While some demanded it as early
as the 1830s when 10 and 12-hour work days were much more
common, it wasn't until the 1860s that local and national labor
groups made it a central demand. In 1866, the National Labor Union
proclaimed "The first and great necessity of the present to free labour of
this country from capitalist slavery, is the passing of a law by which eight
hours shall be the normal working day in all States of the American Union.
We are resolved to put forth all our strength until this glorious result is
achieved."While local union groups and some national unions, such
as the United Mine Workers (1898) won eight-hour day fights, the
Adamson Act which was ruled constitutional in Wilson v. New (1917)
marked the first national legislation granting the protection to some
private industrial concerns.
All but which of the following statements are
true about railroads in the last half of the
19th century?

(A) the limited liability of stock purchases allowed for
significant capital to be raised to help finance
construction
(B) a standard track gauge was adopted throughout
the U.S. by the end of the 1880s
(C) four U.S. time zones were applied by the railroads
in 1883 to help improve railroad scheduling
(D) the cost per ton-mile in freight shipping dropped
between 1870 and 1900
(E) the main area of growth was in New England
Answer:

(E) the main area of growth was in
New England

Explanation: Even though by 1870
there were more miles of railroad
track in the U.S. than any nation in
the world, construction continued
to expand in the last third of the
19th century. In 1870 there were
53,000 miles of rail track; in 1890
there were 167,000 miles. The main
areas of growth were the South and
the trans-Mississippi West.
Which of the following was not a
problem of American cities in the last
decades of the 19th century?

(A) corrupt city governments
(B) declining tax base as
residents moved to rural areas
(C) lack of health support
systems for the urban poor
(D) sewage system
breakdowns
(E) overcrowded housing
Answer:


(B) declining tax base as residents moved to rural areas
Explanation: The urban centers of the U.S. grew at a
rapid pace at the end of the 19th century as America
moved from being a rural to an urban nation. Problems,
including corruption, overcrowding, the lack of adequate
sewage systems, and the lack of adequate medical care for
the urban poor, plagued the cities.
Frederick Law Olmstead, who designed Central Park
and the White City at Chicago's Columbian
Exposition of 1893, helped inspire the City Beautiful
Movement which included which of the following in
its attempt to promote city planning and
architectural cohesion in America's urban centers?


I. broad boulevards and parkways
II. zoning laws
III. planned suburbs
IV. modern skyscrapers
V. Beaux Arts architecture
(A) I, II, and IV only
(B) II, III, and IV only
(C) I, III, and V only
(D) I, II, III, and V only
(E) I and III only
Answer:

(D) I, II, III, and V only

Explanation: The City Beautiful Movement helped
reform American cities at the beginning of the 20th
century by instituting urban planning, beautfication, and
monumental architecture in the beaux-arts and
neoclassical style.
Which American educational reformer associated with the
progressive education movement wrote the following?
"The actual interests of the child must be discovered if the significance and worth
of his life is to be taken into account and full development achieved. Each subject
must fulfill present needs of growing children . . . The business of education is not,
for the presumable usefulness of his future, to rob the child of the intrinsic joy of
childhood involved in living each single day."

A) Horace Mann
B) Henry Adams
C) Charles Eliot
D) John Dewey
E) Jane Addams
Answer:


D) John Dewey
Explanation: John Dewey influenced American
education by insisting that school was not only as a place
to gain content knowledge, but also a place to learn how
to live. The purpose of education should not revolve
around the acquisition of a pre-determined set of skills,
but the ability to use those skills for the greater good. He
inissted that every lesson should be focused directly on
the child.
American cities at the end of the 19th
century

(A) were becoming less congested
(B) resisted any attempt to improve transportation issues
(C) were free of the corruption of political machines and
boss politics
(D) witnessed the emergence of social reformers and
movements intending to improve urban life for residents
(E) trailed their European counterparts in electricity
usage
Answer:

(D) witnessed the emergence of social reformers
and movements intending to improve urban life
for residents

Explanation: The many problems of late 19th
century urban life (traffic congestion, sanitation,
overcrowding, political corruption of city bosses)
inspired a variety of secular and religious
individuals and organizations to provide aid and
comfort to urban residents. Jane Addams founded
Hull House in Chicago, a settlement house
supporting the poor and immigrant population.
Churches and religious organizations, including
the YMCA, offered programs, meals, and housing
to city residents.