Faculty of Allied Medical
Sciences
Organic chemistry
(MGOC-101)
Classification and nomenclature
of organic compound
Supervision:
Prof.Dr.Shehata El-Sewedy
Dr.Fatma Ahmed
Outcomes
By the end of this lecture, the students
will be able to
1-Recognize classification and nomenclature
of organic compound
2-Known the different functional group of
organic chemistry
3- learn rule for aromaticity
4- known chemical bonds and bond fission
6-Differentiate between aliphatic and
aromatic compound
Organic compounds contain only two elements hydrogen and carbon.
a.Aromatic compounds
*Aromatic compounds must have:-
1-High degree of unsaturation
2-Planar arrangement of Pz orbitals to make
resonance
3-High degree of stability due to conjugation
4-Resistance for addition reactions
5-Cyclic
*6-Obey Hückel Rule:This is rule for aromaticity
Aromaticity
Hückel Rule:This is rule for aromaticity
The number of π- electrons= 4n+2
Where
n=0, 1, 2, 3, ………Integral
number
‫كفايييييييييييييييييييييىىىىىىىىىىىىىىىه‬
b.Aliphatic compounds
IUPAC SYSTEM
Prefix+ Infix + Suffix
1-Prefix
Gives the number of carbon
atoms of the parent chain
No. of carbon
Prefix
1
Meth-
2
Eth-
3
Prop-
4
But-
5
Pent-
6
Hex-
7
Hept-
8
Oct-
9
Non-
10
Dec-
2-Infix
Gives the nature of carbon –
carbon
BondTypeinof C-C
thebondparent chain.Infix
-an-
-en-yn-
3-Suffix
Gives the class type of organic compound
Class of compound
Function group
Hydrocarbon
Suffix
-e
Alcohol
OH
-ol
Aldehydes
-CHO
-al
Ketones
-CO-
-one
Carboxylic acid
-COOH
-oic
Esters
-COOR
-ate
Amines
-NH2
Ex: CH3-CH3
Ethane
Butanal
Pentanoic
THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Atoms or elements in organic compound can
form afixed number of bonds (valence ):
Carbon atoms can be bonded to each other by:
( δ)
(δ, π)
(δ,2π)
Hybridization
It means mixing of atomic orbitals in the atom
to generate new atomic orbitals called hybrid
orbitals
Type
Geometry
Angle
SP3
Tetrahedral
109.5°
SP2
Planer
120°
SP
linear
180°
Bond polarity
Polar bond: bond between two different atoms such as
H-Cl , H-F
Non polar bond: bond between two same elements such
as H-H, F-F
Bond fission
It is the breaking of bond
There two types of bond fission
1)Homolytic fission
One electron to each atom so homolytic fission gives free radicals and
it occurs in presence of heat, light or peroxide
2)Heterolytic fission
The two bond electrons move to one atom so heterolytic fission
gives anion & cation and it occurs in presence of polar solvent
Quiz time
Which of the following structures are
aromatic according to Hückel's rule?
A
B
Mention types of bond fission?
Student Question
1-Which of the following structures are
aromatic according to Hückel's rule?
A
C
B
D
E
2-Mention types of bond fission?
3-Explain and give
example
A- valence
B-Bond polarity
C-Bond fission
Assignment
Group A
Chemical bonds
Uses of Alkene in
Industry
Group B
Aromatic Plants
Effect of Benzene on
human Health
Ibrahim El-Said , Ibrahim Shahaat , Ibrahim
Abd-El Aatti, Ibrahim Mohammad , Ahmad
El-Said
Ahmad Khaled , Ahmad Rada , Ahmad Zain
El Abdin , Ahmad Sami , Ahmad Saeed
Abd El-Rahman Hamdi , Abd El Rahman Abd
El Moneim , Abd El Rahman Ali , Abdallah
Mohammad , Abdallah Mostafa
Abeer El Said , Abeer Salah , Ali Hassan , Ali
Mahmoud , Fadi Abd El Salam
Recommended textbooks:
1-Raymond Chang. Chemistry: An introduction
to organic chemistry. 10th ed. 2009 2008
2-Zumdehl. Organic Chemistry; study guide
and solution manual. 2008