1
Introduction to Information Systems
Essentials for the Internetworked E-Business Enterprise
Eleventh Edition
James A. O’Brien
Chapter
10
Developing
e-Business
Solutions
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
2
Chapter Objectives
• Use the systems development process
outlined in this chapter, and the model of
IS components from Chapter 1 as
problem-solving frameworks to help you
propose information systems solutions
to simple business problems.
• Describe and give examples to illustrate
how you might use each of the steps of
the information system development
cycle to develop and implement an ebusiness system.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
3
Chapter Objectives
• Explain how prototyping improves the process
of systems development for end users and IS
specialists.
• Identify the activities involved in the
implementation of new information systems.
• Describe several evaluation factors that should
be considered in evaluating the acquisition of
hardware, software, and IS services.
• Identify several change management solutions
for end user resistance to the implementation
of new e-business applications.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
4
Systems Approach to Problem Solving
Monitor and Evaluate
Results
Define
the
Problem
Develop
Alternative
Solutions
Select
the
Solution
Design
the
Solution
Implement
the
Solution
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
5
Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle
Understand the
Business
Problem or
Opportunity
Develop an
Information
System
Solution
Systems Investigation
Product:
Feasibility Study
Systems Analysis
Product:
Functional Requirements
Systems Design
Product:
System Specifications
Implement
the Information
System
Solution
Systems Implementation
Product:
Operational System
Systems Maintenance
Product:
Improved System
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
6
Prototyping Process
Identify an End
User's Information
Requirements
Develop
Information System
Prototypes
Prototyping
Cycle
Revise the Prototypes
to Better Meet End
User Requirements
Maintenance
Cycle
Use and Maintain
the Accepted
System
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
7
Systems Investigation
Economic
Feasibility
Can we afford it?
Technical
Feasibility
Does the
capability exist?
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Organizational
Feasibility
Is it a good fit?
Operational
Feasibility
Will it be accepted?
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
8
Systems Analysis
Organizational
Key
Areas of
Systems
Analysis
Present
System
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Functional
Requirements
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
9
Systems Design
User
Interface
Design
Screen, Form, Report
and Dialog Design
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Data
Design
Process
Design
Data Element
Structure Design
Program and
Procedure Design
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
10
End User Development
Controls
What controls
are needed?
Input
What data
is required?
Processing
What operations
on the input
is required?
Output
What information
is needed?
Storage
Will the
application need
to store data?
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
11
The Implementation Process
Implementation
Activities
Acquisition
Development
and
Modification
System
Testing
System
Documentation
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
End User
Training
Conversion
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
12
Evaluating Hardware and Software
Hardware Evaluation
Factors
• Performance
• Cost
• Reliability
• Compatibility
• Technology
• Ergonomics
• Connectivity
• Scalability
• Software
• Support
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Software Evaluation
Factors
• Quality
• Efficiency
• Flexibility
• Security
• Connectivity
• Language
• Documentation
• Hardware
• Efficiency
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
13
Evaluating IS Services
IS Evaluation Factors
• Performance
• Systems Development
• Maintenance
• Conversion
• Training
• Backup
• Accessibility
• Business Position
• Hardware
• Software
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Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
14
Implementing New Systems
Implementation Activities
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acquisition
Software Development
Training
Testing
Documentation
Conversion
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Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
15
Installation Conversion Methods
Old System
Parallel
New System
Old System
Old System
Old System
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New System
New System
New System
Pilot
Phased
Plunge
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
16
Managing Organizational Change
Executive
Vision
Change
Management
Organizational
Design
Organization
Mission
and Role
Measurement
and
Rewards
Core
Competencies
Development
Work
Redesign
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
17
Chapter Summary
• Business professionals and IS specialists
use a systems approach to help them
develop information system solutions to
meet e-business needs.
• Prototyping is a major alternative
methodology to the traditional
information system development cycle. It
includes the use of prototyping tools and
methodologies, which promote an
iterative, interactive process.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
18
Chapter Summary (cont)
• The application development capabilities built
into many end user software packages have
made it easier for end users to develop their
own e-business applications.
• The implementation process for IS projects
involves acquisition, testing, documentation,
training, installation, and conversion.
• Business professionals should know how to
evaluate IT products for acquisition. IT vendor
proposals should be based on specifications
developed during the design phase.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
James A. O’Brien
Introduction to Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
19
Chapter Summary (cont)
• Implementation activities include
managing the introduction and
implementation of changes in the
business processes, organizational
structures, job assignments, and work
relationships resulting from e-business
initiatives.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.