T/F Only humans can use insight to solve problems.
T/F Crying is an early form of language.
T/F “Street smarts” are a sign of intelligence.
T/F Creative people are highly intelligent.
T/F Highly intelligent people are creative.
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Intelligence: (Person's capacity to)
• Acquire knowledge (i.e. learn and understand)
• Apply knowledge (solve problems)
• Engage in abstract reasoning.
Intelligence Quotient: (IQ)
• The score you get on an intelligence test.
• Originally, it was a quotient (a ratio) IQ= MA/CA x 100 [MA is mental age, CA is chronological
age].
• Today, scores are calibrated against norms of actual population
scores.
The ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think
abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment.
Psychometrics: Measurement of mental abilities, traits, and
processes
IQ TEST: MA (Mental Age) is what your score would be for a general
age on average, scoring the average score for a 12 year old when
you are 7 would give you a MA of 12.
 Stanford-Binet
 WAIS (Weshler Adult Intelligence Scale)
 WISC (Weshler Intelligence Scale for Children)
 Problems with Bias of IQ test
Formal reasoning problems:
• All information needed to solve is right there.
Deductive reasoning:
• Conclusion follows necessarily from certain premises.
• If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
Inductive reasoning:
• The premises provide support for a conclusion.
• It is still possible for the conclusion to be false.
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Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory
Thurstone’s Multiple Factor Theory
Cattell's Two-Factor Theory
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
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g (general intelligence): Involved in any task requiring
cognitive activity.
s (specific intelligence): Specific knowledge and
abilities that are only used when performing specific
tasks.
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Primary mental abilities are independent of each other.
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His seven primary mental abilities are:
spatial visualizations
verbal meaning
number facility
Reasoning
word fluency
memory
perceptual Speed
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Crystallized intelligence: Includes abilities such as
reasoning and verbal and numerical skills.
Fluid intelligence: Skills such as spatial and visual
imagery, the ability to notice visual details, and rote
memory.
Experiential
Componential
Contextual
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Componential: The ability to acquire
new knowledge and solve problems
effectively.
Experiential: The ability to adapt
creatively in new situations.
Contextual: The ability to select
contexts in which you can excel.
spatial
 Verbal
reasoning
 Abstract/visual reasoning
 Quantitative reasoning
 Short-term memory
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Under 70 [mentally retarded] -- 2.2%
70-80 [borderline retarded] -- 6.7%
80-90 [low average] -- 16.1%
90-110 [average] -- 50%
110-120 [high average] -- 16.1%
120-130 [superior] -- 6.7%
Over 130 [very superior] -- 2.2%
father-child
.51
mother-child
.55
siblings
.50
biological
families
adoptive families
mother-child
.41
.09
father-child
.40
.16
child-child
.35
-.03
identical twins
fraternal twins
fingerprints
.97
.46
height
.93
.65
IQ (Binet)
.88
.63
IQ (Otis)
.92
.62
word meaning
.86
.56
nature study
.77
.55
history and
literature
.82
.67
spelling
.87
.73
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Intelligence has a very powerful genetic component.
IQ group.......
75 to 90
90 to 110
110 to 125
125 and higher
20%
50%
20%
5%
% of group out of
labor force more
22%
than one month out of
the year
19%
15%
14%
10%
% of group
unemployed more
12%
than one month out of
the year (men)
10%
7%
7%
2%
% of group divorced
21%
within five years
22%
23%
15%
9%
% of group that had
illegitimate children 32%
(women)
17%
8%
4%
2%
% of group that lives
30%
in poverty
16%
6%
3%
2%
% of group ever
incarcerated (men)
7%
3%
1%
0%
17%
8%
2%
0%
35%
6%
0.4%
0%
% of total population
less than 75
5%
7%
% of group that are
chronic welfare
31%
recipients (mothers)
% of group that drop
out of high school
55%