MATTER
CHAPTER 2
2.1 WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
• Chemistry is the study of ____ and how it ___.
• Make list of some things that are matter and another
list of how it may change.
• MATTER
–
–
–
• HOW IT CHANGES
–
–
–
2.1 WHAT IS MATTER?
MATTER IS ANYTHING THAT HAS ____
AND OCCUPIES _____.
Make a list of things that are matter and
things that are not matter.
MATTER
NOT MATTER
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
THE SMALLEST UNITS OF MATTER ARE:
ELEMENTS – contain only one kind of ATOM…
The smallest part of an element is an ATOM.
COMPOUNDS – contain atoms of more than one kind of
element….
The smallest part of a compound is a MOLECULE .
ELEMENT is to ATOM as ____ is to MOLECULE!!
PURE SUBSTANCE or MIXTURE?
PURE SUBSTANCE
• fixed _______
• definite ______
• all the elements
(listed on the
periodic table)
• all compounds (all
have a formula)
• Examples: distilled
water, salt…
•
•
•
•
•
•
MIXTURE
a combination of more
than one ___ ___
can be separated into
pure substances
proportions may vary
Examples: most water,
air …
MIXTURES MAY BE ANY
COMBINATION OF SOLIDS,
LIQUIDS OR GASES.
SOLID/SOLID - _________________
SOLID/LIQUID - ________________
SOLID/GAS - ___________________
LIQUID/LIQUID - _______________
LIQUID/GAS - __________________
GAS/GAS - _____________________
TYPES OF MIXTURES:
HETEROGENEOUS
or
1. not uniformly mixed
2. after time the
substances may settle
3. liquids are immiscible
4. Fresh milk from a cow
5. Orange juice with pulp
HOMOGENEOUS
1. uniformly mixed
2. can not easily be
separated
3. liquids are miscible
4. Store milk that has
been homogenized
5. Soda
Pure Substance or
Mixture???
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCE
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
MIXTURE
HETEROGENEOUS
HOMOGENEOUS
2.2 MATTER AND ENERGY
the KINETIC MOLECULAR
THEORY states:
• All matter is made of atoms or molecules
• Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
• Particles that are warmer or less massive
move faster than colder or heavier particles.
The Kinetic Molecule - Quiz
• Molecules move by:
– A. Forces acting on them
– B. Their own internal energy
– C. Both of the above
• Cold causes molecules to:
– A. Move slower
– B. Lose energy
– C. Both of the above
• Heat causes molecules to:
– A. Move faster
– B. Gain energy
– C. Both of the above
Properties of the STATES OF
MATTER are:
State of
Matter
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
Shape
Volume
Energy
THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
DETERMINES THE STATE OF
MATTER
SOLID
MORE
LIQUID
GAS
attraction between molecules
LESS
energy
RELEASED
energy is
LESS
MORE
ABSORBED
CHANGES OF STATES OF MATTER
GAS
GAS
CONDENSE
EVAPORATE
SUBLIMATION
LIQUID
FREEZE
MELT
SOLID
SOLID
Graphing Change of State
Graphing
Change
of State
HOW CHANGE OF STATE
AFFECTS MATTER:
•
•
•
•
AMOUNT OF MASS ? ______
KIND OF MOLECULE ? ______
NUMBER OF MOLECULES? _____
VOLUME (space needed)? ______
God’s law of
CONSERVATION:
MASS and
ENERGY cannot
be ____________
or ____________
REVIEW
ENERGY
KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORY
MATTER
SOLID
LOW ENERGY
LIQUID
MEDIUM ENERGY
GAS
HIGH ENERGY
2.3 TWO
PROPERTIES OF
MATTER:
CHEMICAL
1. How it reacts
2. Burn, decay, rust….
3. Form new substances
4.
PHYSICAL
1. Change of state
2. Density, boil, cut,
dissolve
3. NO new substance
4.
REVIEW
CHANGES IN GOD’S WORLD
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
REACTIONS
DECAY / RUST / GROW
MELT / BOIL / CUT / CRUSH
MATTER
_________
__________
__________
(THE STATES OF MATTER)
CAN UNDERGO TWO TYPES OF CHANGES
___________
____________
AND GOD ESTABLISHED TWO LAWS
TO GOVERN ALL MATTER
__________
__________
Study for the TEST!!!!!
• Vocabulary words
• Identify as element or compound
• Identify physical or chemical property of a
substance
• Identify if a change is physical or chemical
• Energy being absorbed or released
• Review questions
• Penny / alloy lab
Lab report
2.2b
(extension)
EXAMPLE