•
•
•
•
Lips
Teeth
Tongue
Palate
• Hard
• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.
• Adults have 32 teeth
• Many only have 28
• Anatomy of a tooth
• Crown
• Neck
• Root
Zemlin, pg 240.
•
•
•
•
Lips
Teeth
Tongue
Palate
• Hard
• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.
• “The tongue is without
doubt the most
important and the most
active of the
articulators”- Zemlin
• Alveolar ridge
• Just behind front teeth (top)
Zemlin, pg 251.
• 2 parts of the tongue
• Blade
• Root
• 4 parts of the tongue
• Tip
• Blade: Alveolar ridge
• Front: Hard palate
• Back: Soft palate
Zemlin, pg 251.
• Intrinsic Muscles
• Superior longitudinal:
•
•
•
•
Most superficial
Longitudinal, oblique fibers
Course anteriorly from the root
Contraction: shorten the tongue, turn tip upward
Zemlin, pg 254.
• Intrinsic Muscles
• Inferior longitudinal:
•
•
•
•
Muscle fibers on the underside of the tongue
Fibers run between genioglossus and hyoglossus fibers
Course anteriorly from the root
Contraction: shorten the tongue, turn tip downward
Zemlin, pg 254.
• Intrinsic Muscles
• Transverse:
• Fibers course laterally
• Contraction: narrow
tongue, elongate tongue
• Vertical:
• Course downward (and
laterally) throughout the
body of the tongue
• Contraction: flattens the
tongue
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
• Extrinsic Muscles
• Genioglossus:
• Forms the bulk of tongue
tissue
• Strongest/largest extrinsic
muscle
• Lower fibers: connect to the
body of the hyoid
• Upper fibers: connect to the
root and blade
• Contraction: move tongue root
forward so tip is against
teeth; pull front backward;
pull center down
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
• Extrinsic Muscles
• Styloglossus:
• Connects the styloid
process with the tongue
• Contraction: draws
tongue up and back;
can draw sides of
tongue upward
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
http://antranik.org/geography-of-the-skull/
• Extrinsic Muscles
• Hyoglossus:
• Connects greater
cornua with the
posterior tongue
• Contraction:
retract/depress tongue;
elevate hyoid
(phonation)
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
• Extrinsic Muscles
• Palatoglossus
(glossopalatine):
• Connects soft palate with
the posterior tongue
• Forms anterior faucial
pillars
• Contraction: lower soft
palate; raise back of
tongue
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
•
•
•
•
Lips
Teeth
Tongue
Palate
• Hard
• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.
• Roof of the mouth/floor of
the nasal cavity
• Formed by palatine
processes of maxilla
(upper jaw bone)
• Rugae: ridges behind the
alveolar ridge
• Midline raphe:
midline/sulcus in the roof
of the mouth
Zemlin, pg 264.
• Connects to the posterior
portion of the palatine
processes
• 1/3 of the soft palate is
connective tissue
• 2 major muscles
Zemlin, pg 227.
• Tensor Veli Palatini
(Tensor Palati)
• Connects the pterygoid
plates at one end, and
forms the palatal
aponeurosis (connects
soft and hard palates;
“skeleton” of the soft
palate)
• Contraction: lowers soft
palate; opens
Eustachian tube
http://www.drjimboyd.com/Masticatory_Musculature04.html
Levator Veli Palatini
(Lavator Palati)
• Bulk of the soft palate
• Connects soft palate
with petrous bone and
Eustachian tube
• Contraction: raises soft
palate, contacts soft
palate and pharyngeal
wall (to divide oral and
nasal cavities)
Zemlin, pg 264.
http://imaging.consult.com/image/chapter/Pediatric?title=Temporal%20Bone%20and%20Ear%20%28Pediatric%29&image=fig2&locator=gr2&pii=S1933-0332%2808%2973386-X
• Musculus Uvulae (Azygos Uvulae)
• Connects soft palate and uvula
• Contraction: raise soft palate
• Palatoglossus
• Contraction: lower soft palate; raise back of tongue
• Palatopharyngeous
• Posterior faucial pillars
• Main function in swallowing
Zemlin, pg 264.
•
•
•
•
Lips
Teeth
Tongue
Palate
• Hard
• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.