Ch. 9 Oregon
Country
1819-1846
Current Issues

United States and Canada
Border

p. 188

The U.S. and Canada share the
longest demilitarized border in
the world.

Major trading partners (500
billion+)

1999-Ressam (Al-Qaeda) passing
through to Port Angeles.

September 11, 2001

Issue: Tougher border
restrictions vs. importance of
economic relationship
Oregon Country: Land
 1542 - 1872
 Spain, Great Britain, Russia, and the U.S. wanted
political and economic control. But who had the rights?
 Treaties
 Spain dropped claims in 1819
 Russia dropped claims in 1824
 Treaty of Oregon Country (1846) will peacefully settle
the territorial claims between Great Britain and the U.S.
 San Juan Islands?
 1872 Pig War Dispute
Spanish
 Claims
 1st to Oregon
 Line of Demarcation
 Loss of Claims
 Only explored the coast and therefore did not discover
many important landmarks
 Gave up claims in Oregon Coutnry in 1819
 Adams-Ones Treaty--42nd parallel (Mexico)
Russian Claims
 Russia attempts to make greater claims!
 Monroe Doctrine
 Only claim land if you are already there
 Great Britain backed up President Monroe
 Russia gave up claims in 1824
 Alaska
 1867: Russia sold Alaska to the U.S. for $7.2 million
America
 Explored the Interior of the Oregon Country
 Robert Gray: Mouth of the Columbia
 Lewis and Clark (1804-1806)
 Permanent settlements at Ft. Astoria and Ft.
Okanogan
 Now had strong claims to the territory
Britain
 Extensive Exploration in Northern Oregon
Country
 George Vancouver’s expeditions
 Also had many permanent settlements in the
area
Border Control
 Treaty of Ghent
 Ended the War of 1812 between US and Great Britain
 Treaty of Ghent:
 Established international boundary: 49th parallel
 Convention of 1818 (result of Treaty of Ghent)
 Oregon Country jointly occupied for ten years
 Problem in HOW to divide not WHO should get it.
Ch. 9 Part I End
 Monday Notes End
 Begin working on Ch. 9-12 Book WS (individually)
Propositions
 US
 49th parallel extended
 Included southern tip of Vancouver Island
 Britain (Canada in 1867)
 Columbia River
 N and W of Columbia River
Settling the Dispute
 Treaty of Oregon (1846)
 Necessary because of influx of settlers.
 Britain kept all of Vancouver Island, but 49th parallel
extended.
 “Treaty of Oregon was signed in London, setting the
boundary on the 49thparallel, from the Rocky
Mountains "to the middle of the channel which
separates the continent from Vancouver's Island” then
south through the channel to the Strait of Juan de Fuca
and west to the Pacific Ocean.”
 Oregon Country…political and economic claims
settled!?
“…to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from
Vancouver's Island” then south through the channel to the Strait of Juan
de Fuca and west to the Pacific Ocean”
The San Juan Debate
 Who owns the San Juans?
 What Strait established the international border?

Haro Strait (America)

Rosario Strait (British)
 Pig War

Lyman Cutler (American) shot and killed a pig belonging to
Charles Griffin (British)

So, who was to settle this dispute? America? Britain?

Military occupation on Friday Harbor 1860-1872

Settled by Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany

Haro Strait!! But, U.S. paid British $650,000
Haro vs. Rosario
The Border: Friendly!
 Are the lines drawn fairly for the
Canadian/U.S. Border?
 Why/why not?
 If you believe they should be changed, how
would you change them?
CHAPTER 10: INDIAN WARS
1847-1877
1847-1877 (30 Years)

Start:
 What
happened in 1847?
 Sparked

by Whitman Massacre
End
 What
 Nez
happened in 1877?
Perce Retreat (Chief Joseph)
Conflict

Land takeover without fair compensation
 Forced
removal
 Forced reservations


Diseases
Cultural differences:
 Language
 Changing
ways of Natives
 Religious differences
Conflict, cont.



Disagreement of fishing/hunting/water rights
Competition for food
Differences in government
 Decision
making & Authority
Major Wars



1846: Treaty of Oregon—Extending 49th Parallel
1847-1850: Cayuse War (Whitman Massacre)
1856-1858: Yakama Wars
 Yakama
vs. Settlers & American government.
 These wars were so violent that the region was closed
to settlement. This played a large role in the delay of
Washington gaining Statehood
Wars, cont.


1859-1872: Pig War
1877: Nez Perce Retreat
 Nez
Perce were the friendliest and largest tribe
 Aided
Lewis and Clark
 Protected Spaldings during Cayuse Wars
 Protected Governor Isaac Stevens during Cayuse and
Yakama wars.
 1877:
General Howard forcefully removed them to the
Lapwai reservation
1542-1819 Spain’s Political Claims to Oregon Country
1578-1846 Great Britain’s Claims to Oregon Country
1721-1824 Russia’s Claims to Oregon Country
1792-1846 U.S.’s claims to Oregon Country
: Treaty of Oregon establishes 49th parallel as
international boundary in Pacific Northwest
(-1859): Oregon Country
becomes a Territory
:
Washington
breaks from
Oregon
Territory to
become
Washington
Territory
:
Oregon
becomes
33rd State
:
Washingt
on
Admitted
as 42nd
state
(-1859): Oregon becomes a Territory
:
Washington breaks
from Oregon Territory
to become Washington
Territory
Why?
*Population
*Different political
needs
*Capital too far away
: Washington Admitted as 42nd
state
Why did it take
years!?
*Law said to become a state you
needed a population of 125,00.
Why was WA’s population so low?
*Indian Conflict
*No Transcontinental Railroad: difficult
for people to get there