1
Renaissance
Objectives:
Define Renaissance, the Renaissance
spirit of humanism, and place it in a
timeline w/ the Middle Ages.
Examining the Difference Between Eras
Compare and Contrast the Middle Ages with the Renaissance
How do we know when a change in Eras/ Ages occurs?
• *How do peoples’ views
of the world and of
themselves change?
• *What makes a time
period Unique?
• Examine:
– Art
– Architecture
– Literature
Finding Differences
Ex: Machine Age/ Modern Era (1900 – 1950s) vs.
Post-Modern Era/ Information Age (1973 – Present)
What was the Renaissance?
• A cultural “rebirth” (of Greek and Roman
ideas and ideals) or flowering that took place
from the (late 1300s) 1400-1500s in Italy.
• An era of creativity, change and innovation
• Artists and scholars produce great works that
reflect humanist thought
• An age of exploration and examination
• What makes the Renaissance Unique? (how
is this era different from the Middle Ages?)
Compare Renaissance and Middle Age
Art and Architecture
• Which era demonstrates more Greek and Roman
techniques or motifs?
• Which era demonstrates more artistic beauty?
• Which era demonstrates more emphasis on the
individual and expression?
• Which era is more secular in its themes and
content?
• Reflect:
Short Response
• How would you describe the 21st Century?
– How do people think?
– What do people value?
– What do you think are the key characteristics (the
Spirit) of the 21st century?
How will people remember or era?
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Spirit of the Renaissance
What makes the Renaissance a Unique Historical Era?
1. Humanism
2. Individuality
3. Expression
4. Secularism
5. Aestheticism
6. Interest in the Liberal arts
7. Idealism
8. Art
9. Architecture
10.Skepticism
Humanism
1. Humanism – Intellectual movement essential
to the Renaissance based on the study of
classical works
 Focus on Human values/ concerns
Cultural and educational reform movement,
stressed the study of the classical cultures of
Greece & Rome
Emphasizes study of the humanities – grammar,
rhetoric, poetry, and history. Preserved and
spread the study of Greek and Roman writers.
Individuality
• Individuality: having
personal needs, goals, and
wants
Different from the Middle
Ages?
Lorenzo de’
Medici, ruler
of Florence
and patron
of the arts
Albrecht Durer – German Artist
Expression
• Expression: making choices to
show your individuality
Emperor Maximilian I (HRE)
Different from the Middle
Ages?
The Moore Family
Secularism
• Secularism: being worried
about things of this world
(not religion)
Different from the Middle
Ages?
Ghirlandaio's Tornabuoni Chapel series on the life of Mary, executed with
utmost attention to realistic detail, appears to represent domestic scenes
from contemporary life of Florentine nobility, rather than a cosmic event
Aestheticism
• Aestheticism: appreciation of beauty – human
and otherwise
Different from the Middle
Ages?
Interest in the Liberal arts
• Interest in the Liberal arts:
expansion of the study of
grammar/language, math,
science, social science,
philosophy (return to
examining the world)
Different from the Middle
Ages?
Idealism
• Idealism: the idea that a better society is
possible
Leonardo
da Vinici
Utopia, by Sir
Thomas Moore
Art
• Art: realism (examining the world),
emphasis on life-like sculptures and
paintings
"What a piece of work is a
man, how noble in reason, how
infinite in faculties, in form and
moving how express and
admirable, in action how like
an angel, in apprehension how
like a god!" — from William
Shakespeare's Hamlet
Statue of Habacuc from the bell
tower of the Duomo, Florence.
Architecture
• Architecture: return to Greek and Roman
inspired designs – domes, columns, open forums,
arches
Pantheon
Skepticism
2. Skepticism: Question Authority and
established traditions
- Geocentric Universe? Gothic Art? Feudalism?
Church traditions?
Spirit of the Renaissance
What makes the Renaissance a Unique Historical Era?
1.
Humanism: viewed as the classical pinnacle of human thinking
 Cultural and educational reform movement, stressed the study of the classical
cultures of Greece & Rome
 Emphasizes study of the humanities – grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history.
Preserved and spread the study of Greek and Roman writers.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Individuality: having personal needs, goals, and wants
Expression: making choices to show your individuality
Secularism: being worried about things of this world (not religion)
Aestheticism: appreciation of beauty – human and otherwise
Interest in the Liberal arts: expansion of the study of grammar/language,
math, science, social science, philosophy (return to examining the world)
7. Idealism: the idea that a better society is possible
8. Art: realism (examining the world), emphasis on life-like sculptures and
paintings
9. Architecture: return to Greek and Roman inspired designs – domes,
columns, open forums, arches
10. Skepticism: Question Authority and established traditions
- Geocentric Universe? Gothic Art? Feudalism? Church traditions?
Warm Up #2 (Friday 9/23/11)
List at least 2 answers for each:
• Why did the Renaissance
begin in Italy?
• What caused it to spread to
other areas of Europe?
Write in complete sentences:
• Define ‘Engineering’ and
create a theory for why this
term might be important for
the Renaissance.
Expansion of the Renaissance into
Northern Europe
Mapping the spread of Ideas:
• Locate and Label: Venice, Florence, Rome; France;
England; Holy Roman Empire; Spain; Mediterranean
Sea
• Label– use your homework and information from
chapter 13, section 2 to label the following on your
map:
– Label what countries the following Renaissance thinkers
were from:
• Johann Gutenberg, Jan van Eyck, Albrecht Durer, Desiderius
Erasmus, Thomas Moore, Francois Rabelasis, William Shakespeare
• Label – using the map on page 413, locate where 3
banking centers in Europe were.
• Questions:
Why did The Renaissance Start in Italy?
Italia
What conditions allowed Italy to lead the
rebirth of humanism known as the
Renaissance?
• History
– Home of the Roman Empire
• Italians saw Roman architecture and artwork on a daily basis
• Rome was the center of European trade routes (all roads lead to Rome)
– Near the remnants of the Greek Empire, Byzantine Empire,
and the contemporary Ottoman Empire
• Close to cultural heritage – art, architecture, philosophy, learning, etc.
• Muslims stored & traded much of the learning of the ancient world
• Location
– Central Europe
– Peninsular nation, with strong shipping centers (Venice,
Genoa, Naples, Sicily)
– Made flow of trade (goods & ideas) into Italy easier
What conditions allowed Italy to lead the rebirth of
humanism known as the Renaissance?
• Politics & economy
– Italy was broken into city states, rather than large
kingdoms
• Led to direct competition for trade (& later cultural advances)
– Leaders could move up and down in Italian politics
• Made leaders responsive to their people’s needs
• Led to constant attempts to beautify, clean, educate, & improve
cities
– The Catholic Church was powerful (the Pope is also a King
of the Papal States)
• The Church was the wealthiest power in Europe at the time
• The Church was looking for ways to demonstrate power and spend
money
– Became the largest patron of the arts and education (Michelangelo, etc.)
What conditions led to the spread of the
Renaissance out of Italy into Northern Europe?
1.
New technology made learning affordable & more widespread
– printing press & moveable type – reproduce many copies of a book
– acid etching & engraving – reproduce many copies of an artwork
2.
Trade brought people and their ideas across Europe
– Italy came to dominate Mediterranean trade routes, especially spice trade
– Many overland routes went through Italy
3.
Traveling artists, scholars, and architects
– many heard of innovations and travelled south: Durer
– many went out in search of rich patrons outside of Italy: da Vinci, Raimondi
4.
Competitions
– often city state patrons like the Medici family would send out notices for
competitions
• buildings projects – cupola (Brunelleschi’s Dome)
• artwork – bronze doors of the Duomo (Ghiberti’s Gates of Paradise)
Warm Up
On a separate piece of lined paper in your notebook:
- Pick two of the following questions to answer. Write the
question.
- Answer the questions in a short paragraph (4-5
complete sentences)
1. How do Ideas and Trends
‘move’ in today’s society?
– Ex: How did pizza get so popular in America?
– Ex: Why is R&B so popular in Japan?
2. What are some examples of
humanism/ the Renaissance
Spirit that you see your daily
lives? Explain
– Ex: YouTube (Expression)
3. What do you think is the Legacy of the Renaissance?
•
What do you think is the most important aspect/ spirit of the Renaissance?
13-2: Renaissance in the North
The Printing Revolution
In 1455, Johann
Gutenberg printed the
first complete Bible with
moveable type press
Printed books were
much easier and
cheaper to produce
Books became more
available and popular
More people learned to
read and more ideas
spread throughout
Europe
The Artists
Humanists
and Writers
Jan van Eyck portrayed
Humanists stressed
townspeople and religious classical education as way
scenes in realistic detail
to religious/moral reform
Pieter Bruegel used
vibrant colors to portray
scenes of peasants’ daily
lives
Erasmus spread
humanism and called for
the Bible to be printed in
the vernacular
Albrecht Dürer applied
Shakespeare expressed
painting techniques to
woodcuts and engravings universal themes and
explored the individual
Literature: Sir Thomas
Moore Utopia (ideal
Society) – where people
live in peace and harmony
(nice but not important)
Examining art for the Spirit of the
Renaissance
• What spirit or Renaissance ideals does your
painting portray?
The Courtier
Attribute
Physical
Mental
Disposition/
attitude
Women
Men
The Courtier
Castiglione was talking
about… (humanism)
Individualism / Expression
Beauty
Liberal Arts / Humanities
Secularism
When he said… (copy or
summarize a quote)
The Ideal 21st Century Teenager
• What would you say to the nation of children
about their education and extracurricular
activities?
– What sort of activities would the ideal 21st century
teenager be involved in?
– What adjectives would you use to describe the
perfect 21st century teenager?
The Prince pg. 417
• skills or qualities that a
good leader should have,
according to Machiavelli.
Warm up Discussion
1. Define what a Thesis statement is.
(Why is it important?)
2. What is the purpose of an
introductory paragraph?
3. List the types of writing you have
done in the past. (ie: types of
essays/ writing assignments)
Warm up
1. List as many engineering
projects as you
remember from the
movie.
2. How is the engineering
you gave seen in the
video so far an example
of Humanism during the
Renaissance?
Engineering the Renaissance
Siena’ s Bottini
•
http://www.flickr.com/photos/damead/3173412452/
The Black Death
Yersinia pestis seen at 200x
magnification.
Pieter Bruegel's The Triumph of Death
(c. 1562)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blackdeath2.gif
Brunelleschi
Leon Battista Alberti
Using Engineering for the Military
Pope Sixtus V and Rome
What do you think is the Legacy of the
Renaissance?
• Write a thesis statement:
– Thesis = Position + argument 1 + argument 2, +
argument 3.
– The legacy of the Renaissance is a, b, and c.
• Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences)
Legacy = Something handed down from an ancestor or a
predecessor or from the past. What the Renaissance should
be remembered for producing.