Imperialism of
Africa
Imperialism is…
…control
by one country of the political,
economic, or cultural life of another
country and/or region
Think!...
Control
Take
Over
Colony
In Africa…
In
the 1400’s European countries began to
set up trading stations along the coast
1500’s
Europeans began the slave trade
Slave trade…
Europeans
started to transport slaves to
the new world
Why?
Triangle Trade
Slave Trade…
The
slave trade reached its height in the
1700’s
The
Middle Passage- Poor conditions
during the trip, many died
Effects of Slave Trade…
Caused
Entire
civil wars in Africa
communities lost
Workforce
**African
lost
Diaspora- the scattering of
Africans and spreading of African culture
Scramble for Africa…
Due
to the smooth coastline and other
geographic features Africa was the last to
be explored
“God, Gold, Glory”
European countries started to claim parts
of Africa
Gold
•
Wealth- Slaves, gems, ivory
God
•
•
•
Spread Christianity
“White Man’s Burden”
Civilize the uncivilized
Glory
•
•
Fame,
Claim land for country
Berlin Conference
14
European countries met to divide up
Africa
Here’s the catch- NO AFRICAN WAS
INVITED!!!
Effects
Created
new boundaries
Divided tribal lands
Separated cultures
Nationalism…
…pride
be free
Why
in one’s country and a desire to
would nationalism rise in Africa?
Nationalism…
Most
independence movements began
after WWII
Pan-Africanism- movement to unite Africa
“Africa for Africans”
Marcus Garvey
Nationalism…
Kwame Nkrumah
Jomo Kenyatta
Challenges…
Creating
national unity
People still felt more loyal to their
tribes
Civil wars in the Congo and
Rwanda
Poor economies
Still relied on foreign countries for
manufactured goods
Boer War
Boers
(Dutch) and British clash over
control of gold and diamonds
British defeat the Dutch
British granted “self-rule” to the “Union of
South Africa”
BUT!!!
Government is controlled by the white
population
Apartheid
Legal
separation of races
16% European
70% African
11% Mixed race
3% Asian
Who is the Majority? Who had
control?
Characteristics of Apartheid
Passbooks- record of
where Blacks could
live, work and
travel
Segregation of races
• Buses
• Beaches
• Restaurants
• Schools
Homelands- areas set
aside for ethnic groups
-dry, infertile land
To end Apartheid…
Desmond
Tutu
1960- Sharpsville Massacre- peaceful
demonstration, police opened fire killing
69
Martial law declared
Protest declared illegal
Any opponents jailed
Nelson Mandela
Led
the African National
Congress (ANC)- political party
to end Apartheid
1964- sentenced to life in prison
for plotting to overthrow the
government with violence
(served 26 years)
Apartheid finally ends
1990-
South African President F.W. de Klerk
lifted ban on protests, released Mandela
1994- New constitution written
Free elections held
Mandela elected 1st black president of
South Africa
Modern Issues
Problems
Debt
Civil wars
Poverty
Diseases
United Nations- an intergovernmental
organization established to promote international
co-operation
UN Involvement
Somalia-
warlords prevented
humanitarian aid from reaching peopleUS sent troops to restore supply lines
Rwanda*- Hutu vs. Tutsis
Sudan- Arab militants reportedly linked to
the Sudanese government were
attacking black Muslims- 1 million
refugees, 40,000 killed
*Rwanda
Originally
imperialized by Belgium
Belgians divided the country into
two groups
Hutus, Tutsis
Hutus are the majority
When the Belgians left, they gave
the power to the Tutsis
Rwanda
Elections
are held and a Hutu president is
elected
But, Hutus still want revenge for years of
oppression
President is killed
Suspected by his own Hutu people
Hutus use this to start killing Tutsis and other
political opponents
Rwanda
500,000-1
Million Rwandans are killed
in 100 days
Genocide- deliberate and planned
killing of an entire race or ethnic
group
United Nations eventually sent
support
Rwanda Political Front (RPF) takes
control of the country
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