 The problems of Africa should NOT concern Americans
 The United States should take an active role in helping the people of Africa.
 The United States should intervene if acts of Genocide are happening in Africa

 1 Billion people
 50% of the world’s gold
 90% of the world’s platinum
 70% of the world’s diamonds
 90% of the world’s cocoa
 Enough fertile land to feed everyone

 Borders
 Colonialism
 Ethnic and Religious
Hatred
 Tribes
 Ineffective/No governments
 Cycles of democracy and dictatorships

 Average income:
$535
 Life Expectancy: 46 years
 Major Tribes
 Hutu 84%
 Tutsi 15%

 The Tutsis, a tall warrior people, began arriving in the region, from
Ethiopia in the 1500’s and settled among the Native Hutus
 Hutus are an agricultural people. They agreed to raise crops for the Tutsi
 They intermarried and mingled, differences began to disappear
 Economic Differences
 Tutsis as cattle owners were often in a position to dominate the Hutu (cow
= wealth)
 Minority Tutsis ruled majority Hutus
 Colonialism and Racism
 The Belgians ruled Rwanda after WWI. They saw the Tutsi as superior because they were taller and lighter skinned
 They forced both to carry ethnic ID cards. Only Tutsis could get higher education and hold positions of power

 Rwanda declared independence in 1962
 Since independence, fighting between Hutus and Tutsis has existed, leading to the massacre of ½ million people
 1972 Burundi Massacre
 100,000 Hutus killed by Tutsi
 Burundi also 85% Hutu and 15%
Tutsi
 1990 – 1993 Rwandan Civil war
 Hutu vs. Tutsi
 2,500 UN peace keepers overseeing a cease-fire agreement
 Troops will still be there during the
Genocide

 April 6, 1994 –
Plane carrying
Juvenal
Habyarimana, was shot down (He was a
Hutu)
 Bands of Hutus with machetes killed almost a million
Tutsi in the next 90 days

 1 . Every Hutu should know that a Tutsi woman, whoever she is, works for the interest of her Tutsi ethnic group. As a result, we shall consider a traitor any
Hutu who
 marries a Tutsi woman
 befriends a Tutsi woman
 employs a Tutsi woman as a secretary or a concubine .
 2. Ever y Hutu should know that our Hutu daughters are more suitable and conscientious in their role as woman, wife and mother of the family. Are they not beautiful, good secretaries and more honest?
 3. Hutu women, be vigilant and tr y to bring your husbands, brothers and sons back to reason.
 4. Ever y Hutu should know that ever y Tutsi is dishonest in business. His only aim is the supremacy of his ethnic group. As a result, any Hutu who does the following is a traitor:
 makes a partnership with Tutsi in business
 invests his money or the government's money in a Tutsi enterprise
 lends or borrows money from a Tutsi
 gives favours to Tutsi in business (obtaining import licenses, bank loans, construction sites, public markets, etc.).

 5 . A l l st r ategic po sitions, po l itical, adm inistrative, ec o nomic, m ilitar y and sec urity sho uld be ent r usted o nl y to H ut u.
 6 . T he educ ation sec tor (sc hool pupils, st udent s, teac her s) m ust be m aj ority Hut u.
 7. T he Rwandan A r m ed Fo rces sho ul d be exclusively Hut u. T he ex perience o f t he
Oc tober 1 9 9 0 war has t aug ht us a l esso n. N o m em ber o f t he m i litar y shal l m ar r y a
Tutsi .
 8 . T he Hut u sho uld sto p hav i ng m ercy o n t he Tutsi.
 9 . T he Hut u, w her ever t hey ar e, must have uni t y and sol idarity and be c oncerned w i t h t he fate o f t hei r H ut u brother s.
 The Hutu inside and outside Rwanda must constantly look for friends and allies for the
Hutu cause, starting with their Hutu brothers.
 They must constantly counteract Tutsi propaganda.
 The Hutu must be firm and vigilant against their common Tutsi enemy.
 10 . T he S o cial Revolution o f 1 9 5 9 , t he Refer endum o f 1 9 61 , and t he H ut u Ideo l ogy, m ust be t aug ht to ever y H ut u at ever y l evel. E ver y H ut u m ust spr ead t hi s i deology w i dely. A ny H ut u w ho per sec utes hi s brot her H ut u fo r hav i ng r ead, spr ead, and t aug ht t hi s i deology i s a t r aitor.

 Commander of the UN
Peace Keeping Force during the Genocide
 Wanted more troops added to his 3,000 man force
 Following the deaths of 10 Belgian
Peacekeepers his forces were cut down from 3,000 men to
500 men

 The United States did not help because of Somalia and
American attitude forward Africa
 The United Nations
Security Council has accepted responsibility for failing to prevent the genocide in Rwanda

 Tutsi rebels called the Rwandan Patriot
Front (RPF) led by now president Paul
Kagame, without international help, put an end to the massacre by overthrowing Hutu forces