What
can you
infer
from this
cartoon?
What are
DNA
mutations?
POLYMORPHISMS
POLYMORPHISMS
Subtle
differences
as a result of
differences
in genes
When are polymorphisms considered mutations?
When they are not a part of the normal variation in
the species.
Generating Questions
List some questions you have regarding this topic.
What CAUSES
DNA Mutations?
Causes
1 – Hereditary
passed down from parents through
egg and sperm
Causes
2 - Acquired
happen during an organism’s lifetime
Causes
2 - Acquired
a. DNA copying error
Causes
2 - Acquired
b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes
2 - Acquired
b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes
2 - Acquired
b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes
2 - Acquired
b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes
2 - Acquired
b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes
2 - Acquired
b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes
2 - Acquired
b. environmental agents damage DNA
What are the
TYPES
of DNA Mutations?
Types of DNA Mutations
POINT
MUTATION
1. POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR
Types of DNA Mutations
FRAMESHIFT
MUTATION
2. FRAMESHIFT – INSERTION OR
DELETION OF ONE OR MORE BASES
Types of DNA Mutations
Use the Mighty Mutations Maker to describe each of these: http://nature.ca/genome/04/0413_e.cfm
Point
Missense:
Nonsense:
Same-sense/Silent:
Frameshift
Insertion:
Deletion:
Types of DNA Mutations
POINT - MISSENSE
Single base/amino acid change
Missense
Types of DNA Mutations
POINT - NONSENSE
Creates a stop codon which shortens the protein
Nonsense
Types of DNA Mutations
POINT - SAME SENSE/SILENT
No change in protein
Same Sense/
Silent
Types of DNA Mutations
FRAMESHIFT - INSERTION
Addition of one or more bases > whole code shift
Frameshift/
Insertion
Types of DNA Mutations
FRAMESHIFT – DELETION
Deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift
Frameshift/
Deletion
Types of DNA Mutations
FRAMESHIFT – DUPLICATION
A whole codon is repeated
Frameshift/
Duplication