FEDERAL AVIATION
REGULATIONS
SOURCE: ICAO
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL
AVIATION ORGANIZATION
ICAO
 Chicago Convention, December 1944
 Contracting States Established Standards
for ALL to Follow for International
Recognition
 MINIMUM STANDARDS of SAFETY
ICAO STANDARDS
 ICAO ANNEX 6
– Operation of Aircraft
 ICAO ANNEX 8
– Airworthiness of Aircraft
 ICAO Documents 9642-Continuing
Airworthiness Manual
– Doc. 9389-A/W Organization Procedures
REGULATIONS
 A country may develop its own regulations
using the ICAO Annexes as a minimum
standard, or adopt another country’s.
– ICAO Annex 8 is the source for FAR 25,
Transport Category Aircraft Certification
Standard
UNITED STATES
 Federal Aviation Act of 1958
– U.S. Aviation Law
 Federal Aviation Regulations
– Applicable to:
•
•
•
•
Airmen
Aircraft
Air Carriers
Air Agencies
CODE OF FEDERAL
REGULATIONS
 CFR’s
– Entire Federal Government Laws of the United States
 Arranged by Title
– Each Title Covers a Specific Area of Laws
•
•
•
•
•
Title 3 - The President
Title 7 – Agriculture
Title 14 – Aeronautics and Space
Title 15 – Commerce and Foreign Trade
Title 21 – Food and Drugs
CODE OF FEDERAL
REGULATIONS
 TITLE 14 AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
– CHAPTER I
– Federal Aviation Regulations, Federal Aviation
Administration, Department of Transportation
– VOLUME 1 THROUGH 3
– PARTS 1 – 199
SUB CHAPTERS
 A- Definitions
– Part 1
 B-Procedural Rules
– Parts 11-17
 C- Aircraft
–
–
–
–
–
Parts 21-59
Certification Standards
Registration
Airworthiness Directives
Maintenance Rules
 D- Airmen
– Parts 60-67
– Certification and Medical
Standards
 E- Airspace
– Parts 71-77
 F-Air Traffic
– Parts 91-105
 G- Air Operators
– Parts 119-139
 H- Schools & Agencies
– Parts 140-147
U.S. AIRMEN
 Pilots – FAR Part 61
 Flight Engineers – FAR Part 63
 Mechanics - FAR Part 65
 Flight Dispatchers – FAR Part 65
AIRCRAFT
 United States Registered
– FAR Part 91
 Foreign Registered Operated in the US
– FAR Part 91
AIR CARRIERS
 United States Air Carriers
– FAR Part 121, 135
 Foreign Air Carriers Operating in the US
– FAR Part 129
 Foreign Air Carriers Using US Registered
Aircraft
– FAR Part 129.14
AIR AGENCIES
 Repair Stations - FAR Part 145
– Domestic
– Foreign
 Training Facilities – FAR Part 141
– Mechanic
– Pilot
MAINTENANCE RULES
 FAR PART 43
– Basic Maintenance Rule For US Registered Aircraft
 FAR PART 91
– Basic Operating Rule For US Registered Aircraft,
–
AND
– Foreign Registered Aircraft Operated in the US.
 FAR Part 129
– Foreign Operators Operating into the US or Operating
US Registered Aircraft
FAR PART 43
 ALL Aircraft Having a U.S. Airworthiness
Certificate;
 Foreign-Registered Civil Aircraft Used in
Common Carriage in the United States
– Part 121 and Part 135
§43.2 RECORDS OF
OVERHAUL AND
REBUILDING
Definition of Overhaul
 disassembled,
cleaned, inspected,
repaired as
necessary, and
reassembled; and
tested
§43.2 RECORDS OF
OVERHAUL AND
REBUILDING

Definition of Rebuilding
– disassembled, cleaned,
inspected, repaired as
necessary, reassembled,
and, using either new
parts or used parts that
either conform to new
part tolerances and limits
or to approved oversized
or undersized
dimensions
43.3 PERSONS AUTHORIZED TO PERFORM
MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE, REBUILDING, AND
ALTERATIONS
 Mechanic Certificate
 Air Carrier Certificate
 Repairman
 Private Pilot-
Certificate
 Supervised by
Mechanic or
Repairman
 Repair Station
Certificate
Preventive
Maintenance on Own
Airplane
 Pilot-RotorcraftRemote area-Part 135
 Manufacturer
Part 43.5
 Approval for return
to service service
after maintenance,
preventive
maintenance,
rebuilding, or
alteration.
 Required records
entries must be made
– Log Book
– FAA Form 337
– Flight Manual
Part 43.7
Persons authorized to
approve aircraft,
airframes, aircraft
engines, propellers,
appliances, or
component parts for
return to service after
maintenance,
preventive
maintenance,
rebuilding, or
alteration.
 Mechanic Certificate
or IA
 Repair Station
Certificate
 Manufacturer
 Air Carrier
 Private Pilot- Own
Airplane(preventive
maintenance only)
Part 43.9
 Content, form, and disposition of
maintenance , preventive maintenance,
rebuilding, and alteration records
 Required Information: Description of work,
date of completion, name of person
performing work,
 Signature and certificate number if
satisfactory
Disposition of life-limited
aircraft parts. Part 43.10
 Records must be kept
 Parts must be
permanently marked
 Control of Disposal
Part 43.11
 Content, form, and
disposition of
records for
inspections
conducted under
parts 91 and 125
and §§135.411(a)(1)
and 135.419 of this
chapter.
 Must list type of
inspection performed,
and list discrepancies
Maintenance Records:
Falsification, Fraudulent
Reproduction, or Alteration

 BASIS FOR
SUSPENSION OR
REVOCATION OF
ANY AND ALL
CERTIFICATES
HELD
Performance Rules
Part 43.13
 Manufacturer’s
Instructions
 Acceptable to FAA
 Accepted Industry
Practices
 Special Test
Equipment
 At least equal to
original or properly
altered condition
Additional performance rules for
inspections Part 43.15
 Content of Inspections
 IAW Inspection
Program
 Annual & 100 Hour
Inspections

Airworthiness Limitations
.
 Continuous
Airworthiness
Maintenance Program
 Maintenance
Inspection Programs
for Part 121, 123 or
135 Operators
Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance, and Alterations by
Certain Canadian Persons.
 Canadian Mechanic
 Canadian Repair
Station
 May RTS US
registered aircraft
located in Canada
Appendix A - Major Alterations,
 Major Repairs

Preventive
Maintenance
– Definitions and
Examples
Appendix B
 Recording of Major
Repairs and Major
Alterations
FAA Form 337 or Repair
Station Work Order
Appendix D
 Annual and 100-
 Scope and Detail
Hour Inspections
 Annual
– All aircraft
 100 Hour
– Flight Instruction
/For Hire
 General Aviation
Aircraft
Appendix E
 Altimeter System
Test and
Inspection
 Ref FAR 91.411
 Scope and detail of
Test
Appendix F
 ATC Transponder
Tests and
Inspections
 Ref FAR 91.413
 Scope and Detail of
Test
FAR PART 91
 GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT
RULES
– Sub Part A General
– Sub Part B Flight Rules
• Visual Flight Rules
• Instrument Rules
– Sub Part C Equipment, Instrument and
Certificate Requirements
– Sub Part D Special Flight Operations
FAR PART 91
 Sub Part E Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance and Alterations
 Sub Part F Large & Turbine Powered
Multi Engine Airplanes
 Sub Part G Additional Equipment &
Operating Requirements
 Sub Part H Foreign Aircraft Operations and
Foreign Operators
FAR PART 91
 Sub Part I Operating Noise Limits
 Sub Part J Waivers
Sub Part E
Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance & Alterations
 Applicable to:
– US registered civil
aircraft
 Maintenance
Requirements
 ResponsibilityOwner/Operator
 Airworthiness
Limitations
Compliance
 Inspect and Repair
 Maintenance Record
Entries
 Inoperative Equipment
OPERATION AFTER MAINTENANCE,
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE REBUILDING
OR ALTERATIONS
 Approved for Return
To Service
 Maintenance Record
Entry
 Flight Tests
REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
 Annual
 AAIP
 Issuance of
 Progressive Inspection
Airworthiness
Certificate
 100 Hour- flight
instruction/for hire
 Continuous
Airworthiness
Maintenance Program
ALTIMETER/TRANSPONDER
 Altimeter tests
 ATC Transponder
Tests
 Altitude Reporting
 24 Months
Tests
 24 Months
 Procedures : FAR Part
43, Appendix E & F.
MAINTENANCE RECORDS
 Records of Maintenance,
Preventive Maintenance,
Alterations
 Records of 100 Hour, Annual,
Progressive and Other
Inspections
 Records Must Include
– Description of work/Reference
to Data Used
– Date of Completion
– Signature.Certificate Number
of Person
 Records Containing:
– Total Time In Service
– Current Status – Life Limited
Parts
– TSO
– Time Since Last Inspection
– Current Status Airworthiness
Directives
– Major Repair & Alteration
Forms
RECORDS RETENTION
 Kept Until Work
Repeated or
Superseded or One
Year
 Transferred with
Aircraft
 EXTRA FUEL TANK:
Copy of FAA Form
337
 KEPT IN AIRPLANE
FAR PART 145
 Repair Stations
– Revised, effective 6 April, 2003
– Effective Date extended to October 3, 2003.
Application (ALL)
 Repair Station Manual
 Quality Control Manual
 List of articles
 Organization Chart
 Description of Housing & Facilities
 Contracted Maintenance Functions
 Training Program
Foreign Repair Stations
 Show the need for maintaining US
registered aircraft or products
 Payment of Fees
– $80.00 per inspector hour +
– travel & subsistence
DURATION
 DOMESTIC
– Until surrendered, suspended or revoked
 FOREIGN
– End of 12th month after issuance
AMENDMENT or TRANSFER
 Change of certificate is required if the repair
station changes location, requests to add or
amend rating, sells or transfers assets.
RATINGS
 CLASS
– Representative
Sampling of All Items
in Class
 LIMITED
– Items Listed on
Operations
Specifications or
Capability List
CLASS RATINGS
–
–
–
–
–
–
Airframe
Powerplant
Propeller
Radio
Instrument
Accessory

LIMITED RATINGS
– Particular Make &
Model of:
– Airframe
– Powerplant
– Propellers
– Instruments
– Radios
– Accessories
– Landing Gear
Components
– Floats
– Nondestructive testing
– Emergency Equipment
– Rotor Blades
– Fabric Work
– Specialized Services
Housing & Facilities
 Adequate for Ratings
 To properly perform maintenance
 Sufficient work space
 Environmentally sensitive or hazardous
work
 Rack, hoists, cabinets, trays & stands
Housing & Facilities
 Storage areas for parts
 Ventilation, lighting, temperature and
humidity control
 Suitable permanent housing for largest
aircraft
CHANGE OF LOCATION OR
FACILITIES
FAA Notification is required
FAA may make conditions or limitations
while change is in progress
Satellite Repair Stations
 Same Rating as parent station
 In same country as parent station
 May share personnel & equipment,
EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS &
DATA
 Adequate to perform maintenance under
Part 43- (recommended by manufacturer)
 Test Equipment used to make airworthiness
determination calibrated
 Documents & Data necessary
– AD’s, Mfg’s Instructions, Maintenance
Manuals, Overhaul Manuals, etc.
PERSONNEL
REQUIREMENTS
 Accountable Manager
 Qualified Personnel to Plan, Supervise,
Perform and Approve for Return to Service
 Sufficient Number of Personnel
 Determine Abilities of Non Certificated
Personnel
SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL
 Sufficient number to direct and oversee
work
 Certified by FAA (inside U.S.)
 Certification (outside U.S.)
– 18 months experience
• Or
– Trained
Read, Write & Understand English
INSPECTION PERSONNEL
Familiar With:
Regulations,
Inspection Methods, Techniques, Equipment &
Tools
Proficient in Using Inspection Aids and Visual
Aids
Read, Write & Understand English
PERSONNEL FOR RETURN
TO SERVICE
 Inside the U.S.- Certificated by FAA
 Outside the U.S.– Trained in Techniques, or 18 Months Practical
Work Experience
– Familiar With Regulations & Proficient With
Methods, Practices, Tools & Equipment
 Read, Write & Understand English
REPAIRMAN
 Recommended by Repair Station
 Requirements of FAR Part 65.101
PERSONNEL RECORDS
 Roster of Supervisory
 Summary of
& Management
Personnel
 Roster of Inspection
Personnel
 Personnel Authorized
Maintenance Release
Employment
–
–
–
–
Present Title
Total Years Experience
Past Employment
Scope of Present
Employment
– Certificates Held
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
 Training Program APPROVED by FAA
 Due to FAA April 6, 2005
 To assure each employee is capable and
qualified.
PRIVILEGES & LIMITATIONS
 Perform Maintenance
 Not Maintain if not
 Contract to other
rated
 Not RTS unless IAW
approved data
 Approve for RTS
AIR CARRIER
 Must follow maintenance program
REPAIR STATION MANUAL
 Organizational Chart
– Management Positions
– Area of Responsibility
– Duties &
Responsibilities
Only the positions with
the authority to act on
behalf of the repair
station need to be in
the chart.
NOMAD AVIATION
Organizational Chart
DIRECTOR
ACCOUNTABLE MANAGER
OPERATIONS MANAGER
CHIEF INSPECTOR
ENGINEERING
MANUAL CONTENTS
 Procedures to
Maintain & Revise
Management Rosters
 Description of
Operation, Facilities,
Equipment &
Materials
 Procedures for
– Revising Capability
List
– Self Evaluation
– Revising Training
Program
– Work at another
location
– Work for Air Carrier
MANUAL CONTENTS
 Procedures for:
– Maintaining &
Revising Contractor
Lists
– Records Keeping
System
– Revising Manual
– Control System of
Manual

QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
 Prepare & Keep
Current QC Manual
 Follow QC Manual
A SYSTEM :
To ensure to
airworthiness of
articles the repair
station
OR
any of its contractors
performs maintenance
on
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL

 Procedures for:
– Incoming Raw
Materials
– Preliminary Inspection
– Hidden Damage
Inspection
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
 Procedures to:
– Establish & Maintain
Proficiency of
Inspection Personnel
– Establish & Maintain
Current Technical Data
– Qualifying &
Surveilling Non
Certificated Persons
– Final Inspection &
Return to Service
– Calibrating Measuring
& Test Equipment
– Corrective Actions on
Deficiencies
– References to
Manufacturer’s
Inspection &
Maintenance Standards
QUALITY CONTROL
MANUAL
 Procedures
– Sample of Inspection
& Maintenance Forms
– Revise & Control
Quality Manual
– Notification to FAA of
Revisions
INSPECTION of
MAINTENANCE
 Repair Station must
Inspect each article
 Must Certify on
Release to Service
– Article is Airworthy
CAPABILITY LIST
 Articles listed on
Capability List or
Operations
Specifications
 Identify each Article
by Make & Model
 Within Scope &
Rating of Repair
Station
 List Managed by
Repair Station
 Self Evaluation
 Notify FAA of
revisions.
CONTRACT MAINTENANCE
 Other Certificate
Holder
– FAA Approves
function
– Maintain list of
functions
– Name of each
Contractor
 Non Certificated
– Quality System
– Repair Station is
Directly in Charge
– Repair Station
Tests/Inspects
– May Not Contract
Entire Type
Certificated Product
RECORD KEEPING
 Far Part 43 Compliance
 Format Acceptable to FAA
 Provide Copy of Completed Work Order to
Customer
 Keep All Records Minimum Two Years
 Make Records Available to FAA / NTSB
REQUIRED REPORTS
 Failure, Malfunction
or Defect
– Aircraft Registration
Number
– T/M/M Article
– Date of Discovery
– Nature of Defect
– Apparent Cause
 May Report for Part
121, 135 or 125
Certificate Holder
 No Duplicate Reports
FAA INSPECTIONS
 Must Allow FAA to
Inspect at Any Time
 Contractors Must
Allow FAA to Inspect
at Any Time
CERTIFICATION FAR’s
 FAR Part 21: Certification Procedures for Products and Parts
 FAR Part 23: Airworthiness Standards-Normal, Utility,
Acrobatic & Commuter
 FAR Part 25: Transport Category
 FAR Part 27: Normal Category Rotorcraft
 FAR Part 29: Transport Category Rotorcraft
 FAR Part 31: Manned Free Balloons
 FAR Part 33: Aircraft Engines
CERTIFICATION FAR’S
 Far Part 35: Propellers
 FAR Part 36: Noise Standards
 FAR Part 39: Airworthiness Directives
 FAR Part 45: Identification & Registration Marking
 FAR Part 47: Aircraft Registration
FAR PART 129
 Foreign Air Carriers and Foreign Operators
of United States Registered Aircraft
Operating in Common Carriage
FOREIGN AIR CARRIERS
 Must have :
 Department of Transportation Authority
– (business license)
 Operations Specifications from FAA
– (safety authority)
FOREIGN OPERATORS
 United States Registered Aircraft
 FAA Approved Maintenance Program
 FAA Approved Minimum Equipment List
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
 Flight Crew-
Certificates Must
Match Aircraft
Registration
 TCAS
 Air Traffic Rules
 Digital Flight Data
Recorders
 Dispatch Control
 Airplane Security




X-Ray Systems
Flight Deck Security
No Smoking
Special Maintenance
Program
Requirements
 Aging Airplane
Inspections And
Records Reviews
THE END