Do Now: Imagine you are a new cast member
on the show “Survivor” ….according to the rules
you are allowed to bring three items of your
choice. What would you bring and why?
What is Biology ?
• The study of Living Things
• Bio = life
logy = knowledge
(study of)
How to Study Biology ?
• So many new words !
– know some common prefix and suffix
– eg. photosynthesis
• photo = light
• synthesis = to combine together
• ∴ to combine some elements together by
using the energy from sunlight
Organism
Any living thing that carries out life processes
Ex. Plants, humans, bacteria, mold
Life Processes/ Life functions
Activities that are carried out by an organism that
enable it to survive.
8 Life Functions
1. Nutrition
2. Respiration
5. Regulation
7. Growth
3. Transport
4. Excretion
6. Reproduction**
8. Synthesis
DO NOW:
• List the life functions and Describe a system or
structure in your body that performs or assists
you to perform this process.
1. Nutrition
The process in which food is obtained
and processed (modified) into
nutrients, for Energy
Growth and Repair.
Four Steps
1. Ingestion - The process of taking in food
2. Digestion
-Process of breaking down
food into nutrients
3. Absorption -Process of nutrients being
absorbed into the
bloodstream from the
digestive system
4. Egestion
-Process of removing solid
wastes (undigested food) in
the form of feces
2. Respiration
The process in which chemical energy is
released from the organic material
(nutrients) found within the organism
___________
with the help of inorganic substances
(oxygen)
____________.
Glucose
Energy
+
+
Water
Oxygen
+
Carbon
Dioxide
Two types of Nutrition
Heterotrophic nutrition = organism
cannot make it’s own food
• Example – animals
Autotrophic nutrition = organisms
make their own food
PLANTS= photosynthesis
Nutrition involves these activities by
which organisms ….
1. Remove cellular waste products
2. Obtain and process materials needed for
other life activities
3. Exchange gases with their environment
4. Absorb and circulate materials
Respiration is best described as a
process by which….
1.
2.
3.
4.
Necessary nutrients are circulated
Hydrogen is used to synthesis glucose
Metabolic wastes are absorbed
Chemical energy is converted into a usable
form
The absorption of fluids by various
cells of the body is part of life
function known as
1.
2.
3.
4.
Excretion
Transport
Respiration
Growth
3. Transport
Movement of materials
through the body &
within a cell
4. Excretion
Removal of cellular
WASTES
Cellular wastes are byproducts of metabolic
activities (life processes)
performed by the cells
within an organism
Examples:
water
salt
urea
Carbon dioxide
5. Regulation
The process in which all of the
organism's life activities are
controlled and coordinated to
maintain equilibrium
6.Reproduction • Production of new
individuals
• As an individual, a
living thing doesn’t
have to reproduce
for individual
survival BUT must in
order to have species
survival
7. Growth
Process in which there is an increase in
cell number NOT size (cell division)
AIM:
How does
our
metabolism
enable us to
live?
8 Life Functions
1. Nutrition
2. Respiration
5. Regulation
7. Growth
3. Circulation
4. Excretion
6. Reproduction**
8. Synthesis
8. Synthesis
The process in which the
body naturally creates
substances by combining
small molecules to create
larger molecules.
Is the set of chemical reactions (life
processes) that occur in living
organisms in order to maintain life
Specific proteins in the body control metabolism.
Metabolism is a constant process that begins when
we're conceived and ends when we die. It is a vital
process for all life forms. If metabolism stops, a living
thing dies.
refers to the body's ability to regulate its
internal physiology to maintain stability in
response to fluctuations in the outside
environment
Balanced internal
environment
A.D.A.M.
Homeostasis
• Constant Balance, Steady State or
Dynamic Equilibrium
• Ability of an organism to “maintains it’s
internal environment while responding to
external environmental factors
– Temp increase or decrease
– Starve a fever feed a cold!
Which process removes the process
of urea in the blood stream of
humans?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Excretion
Egestion
Digestion
Synthesis
Organisms that obtain and ingest
organic molecules for their nutrition
are classified as
1.
2.
3.
4.
autotrophs
producers
algae
heterotrophs
Which process includes all three?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Synthesis
Metabolism
Excretion
Nutrition
Homeostatic regulation of the body Is
made possible through coordination
of all body systems.
This coordination is achieved mainly by…
1. Respiratory and reproductive systems
2. Skeletal and excretory systems
3. Nervous and endocrine systems
4. Circulatory and digestive systems
Which situation is not an example of
the maintenance of a dynamic
equilibrium in an organism?
1. Guard cells contribute to the regulation of
water content in a geranium plant.
2. Water passes into an animal cell causing it to
swell.
3. The release of insulin lowers the blood sugar
level in a human after eating a big meal.
4. A runner perspires while running a race on a
hot summer day.
How does metabolism enable
us to live?
THE END