THE AXIAL MUSCLES
MARTINI, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION,
CHAPTER 11 - Exercises # 14,15
Pages # 165,179
Competency 5: The Muscular System
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Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able
to understand the gross and microscopic anatomy of muscles and
their physiology by:
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Identifying the muscles of the axial region, and their actions.
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NOTE:
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THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.
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THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY
GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /
QUIZZES.
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STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR
TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED
DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE
SYLLABUS
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Muscles of head & neck
 Muscles of the pectoral girdle (anterior view)
 Muscles that move arms
 Muscles of the respiration
 Muscles of the abdomen
 Muscles of the pectoral girdle (posterior view)
 Muscles of the vertebral column
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HEAD & NECK
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SCALP- FRONTALIS- TO RISE EYEBROWS
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TO WRINKLE FOREHEAD
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OCCIPITALIS- TO TENSE &TO RETRACT THE SCALP
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EYE- ORBICULARIS OCCULI- TO CLOSE THE EYE
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MOUTHZYGOMATICUS- MINOR (TOP) & MAYOR (BOTTOM)
F- TO RETRACT & TO ELEVATE CORNER OF THE MOUTH
(SEE MANDIBLE)
RISORIUS- TO DRAW THE CORNER OF THE MOUTH TO THE SIDE
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DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS (TRIANGULARIS)F- TO DEPRESS CORNER OF THE MOUTH
ORBICULARIS ORIS- TO COMPRESS & TO PURSE THE LIPS
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MENTALIS- TO ELEVATE & TO PROTRUDE LOWER LIP
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BUCCINATOR- TO COMPRESS CHEEKS
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MASTICATION-
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MASSETER- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE (SEE
MANDIBLE)
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TEMPORALIS- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE
PTERIGOID MEDIAL- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE
TO CLOSE THE JAW.
(SEE MANDIBLE)
PTERIGOID LATERAL- TO OPEN THE MOUTH &
TO PROTRUDE
THE
MANDIBLE. (SEE MANDIBLE)
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Axial Musculature
Six Extrinsic Eye Muscles (Extra ocular)
– Inferior rectus
– Medial rectus
– Superior rectus
– Lateral rectus
– Inferior oblique
– Superior oblique
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NECK
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PLATISMA- TO TENSE THE SKIN OF
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NECK & TO DEPRESS
THE MANDIBLE
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STERNOCLEIDOMASTOIDTOGETHER- TO FLEX THE NECK
ALONE- TO BEND THE HEAD TOWARD
SHOULDER
TO TURN FACE TO OPPOSITE SIDE
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MUSCLES OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE
ANTERIOR VIEW
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SERRATUS ANTERIOR- TO
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PROTRACT SHOULDER &
TO ROTATE THE
SCAPULA (UPWARD ROTATION)
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PECTORALIS MINOR- TO DEPRESS
& PROTRACT
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SCAPULA
(SHOULDER)
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DELTOID- TO ABDUCT THE ARM
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PECTORALIS- MAJOR- TO FLEX &
TO ADDUCT THE ARM
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& MEDIAL
ROTATION OF SHOULDER
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RESPIRATION
DIAPHRAGM- MAJOR MUSCLE OF RESPIRATION
EXPANDS THORACIC CAVITY TO CAUSE BREATHING
IT SEPARATES THE THORACIC AND
ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES
INTERCOSTAL EXTERNAL- TO ELEVATE RIBS DURING INHALATION
INTERCOSTAL INTERNAL- TO DEPRESS RIBS DURING FORCED
EXHALATION
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ABDOMEN
RECTUS ABDOMINIS- TO FLEX VERTEBRAL COLUMN
TO DEPRESS RIBS
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE- TO FLEX SPINE & TO COMPRESS
ABDOMEN
TO DEPRESS RIBS
INTERNAL OBLIQUE- SAME AS ABOVE
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS- TO COMPRESS ABDOMEN
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MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR
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UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM
DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL MUSCLE: STABILIZES CENTRAL
TENDON OF PERINEUM
EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER: CLOSES URETHRA
PELVIC DIAPHRAGM
COCCYGEOUS: FLEXES COCCYGEAL JOINTS, TENSES & SUPPORTS
PELVIC FLOOR
LEVATOR ANI (from external to internal)
ILEOCOCCYGEOUS: TENSES FLOOR OF PELVIS, FLEXES
COCCYGEAL JOINTS, ELEVATES & RETRACTS ANUS
PUBOCOCCYGEOUS: AS ABOVE
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL: STABILIZES CENTRAL TENDON
OF PERINEUM
EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER: CLOSES ANAL OPENING
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MARTINI, Pg- 349
POSTERIOR VIEW
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PECTORAL GIRDLE
TRAPEZIUS- TO ELEVATE, DEPRESS & RETRACT SCAPULA
TO ROTATE SCAPULA UPWARD
TO ELEVATE CLAVICLE & TO EXTEND THE NECK
RHOMBOIDS- (MAJOR & MINOR)
TO ADDUCT SCAPULA & DOWNWARD ROTATION
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MOVE ARM
LATISSIMUS DORSI- TO EXTEND, TO ADDUCT
MEDIAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER
INFRASPINATUS- LATERAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER
TERES MINOR- SAME AS ABOVE
TERES MAJOR- TO EXTEND, ADDUCT & MEDIAL ROTATION
OF SHOULDER
SUPRASPINATUS- TO ABDUCT THE SHOULDER
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Infraspinatus
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 VERTEBRAL
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COLUMN
ERECTOR SPINAE- TO EXTEND THE SPINE
SPLENIUS CAPITIS- TOGETHER TO EXTEND THE NECK
ALONE- TO ROTATE & FLEX THE NECK
SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS- TOGETHER TO EXTEND THE NECK
ALONE- TO EXTEND & FLEX THE NECK
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Infraspinatus
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REMEMBER!
GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM
AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS
ROOM 3326
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