S.C Malik, Director
Monojit Das, Deputy Director
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation
INDIA
 measure
in monetary terms of all the
commodities
(goods
and
services)
produced without duplication within a
given period of time
 value
terms
 counted
without duplication
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
Three alternative approaches
1.
Production Approach

2.
Income Approach

3.

Measured at the point of income generation or at
the point of final utilisation
Expenditure Approach


Measured at the point of production
Measured at the point of final utilisation or
consumption
Can be measured in any one of these
Better if measure by all for a complete
analysis of the economy
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
Income available is used up in the form of
final consumption or saving or capital
formation
 GDP
= PFCE + GFCE + GFCF + CIS + Export Import
 GCF
= GFCF + CIS
(PFCE: Private Final Consumption Expenditure, GFCE: Government Final
Consumption Expenditure, GCF: Gross Capital Formation, GFCF: Gross Fixed
Capital Formation, CIS: Change in Stocks, Ex: Exports, Im: Imports)
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 Current
 Previous






Series Base Year 2004-05 (2009)
series base years
1948-1949
1960-1961
1970-1971
1980-1981
1993-1994
1999-2000
(1956)
(1967)
(1978)
(1988)
(1999)
(2006)
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





Annual National Accounts Statistics
Quarterly GDP estimates
Back series of NAS (one year after new
series is introduced)
Sources and Methods (one year after new
series is introduced)
Input-Output Transactions Table (5-Yearly)
State-wise value of output of crops and
livestock products
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Release
Date of release
1. Advance Estimates of national income
2. Revised Estimates of national income
3. Estimates of GDP for Q1 (Apr-Jun)
4. Estimates of GDP for Q2 (Jul-Sep)
5. Estimates of GDP for Q3 (Oct-Dec)
6. Estimates of GDP for Q4 (Jan-Mar)
7. Quick Estimates of national income
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7th
31st
30th
30th
28th
31st
31st
February
May
September
November
February
May
January
7

1955-59: Income & Expenditure Survey (Rounds 914)
 Schedule 1.1, specially designed for Income &
Expenditure surveys, canvassed in Rounds 9-14
 Approach to assessment of income: Collect data on
Receipts and Disbursements of the household
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Framework of Receipts & Disbursements block (Sch.1.1:
Income & Expenditure, NSS 10th round)
Receipts
Disbursements
A.
Current account of
enterprise
A.
Current account of
enterprise
B.
Liquidation of assets
B.
Capital formation
C.
Transfer receipts
C.
Domestic expenditure
D.
Transfer payments
• very detailed block with 78 items of receipts and 78 items of
disbursements.
• It was stipulated that the total receipts and total disbursements
should tally
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19th to 25th rounds of NSS (1964-1971)
 Data on receipts and disbursements of the household
were collected in an Integrated Household Survey
schedule.
 the receipts and disbursements blocks were placed after
detailed blocks on household consumer expenditure.
 however, the receipts and disbursements blocks were
much more condensed, with only 16 items each.
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Experiences of Integrated Household Schedule

The reporting of consumption expenditure could be affected by
collection of data on income and savings from the same
household.

Also, the integrated approach to data collection on income,
expenditure and savings from the same household necessarily
led to a long questionnaire, causing informant fatigue.

Substantially lower estimates for consumer expenditure were
obtained during the 19th to 24th rounds (in which the Integrated
Household Survey schedule was canvassed).
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Objective
Development of an appropriate methodology for
conducting comprehensive surveys of household
income
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Draw up two schedules.
 Sch.1.1A: Income
 Sch.1.1B: Consumption and Savings
Divide sample households into 3 sets.
Set I households: Canvass Sch.1.1A (Income)
Set II households: Canvass Sch.1.1B
(Consumption & Savings)
Set III households: Canvass both Sch.1.1A & 1.1B
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Set of hhs
Schedule
canvassed
Data collected
Estimate of
income
generated
Set I
Sch.1.1A
Income (Y)
Y
Set II
Sch.1.1B
Consumption
(C), Saving (S)
C+S
Set III
Sch.1.1A,
Sch.1.1B
Income (Y)
Consumption
(C), Saving (S)
Y
C+S
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Sample size
100 villages and 80 urban blocks (Total)
A sample of 24 households (three matched sets of 8
households each) were selected for survey from each
sample village/block.
All estimates were generated for three sectors of
population: rural (R), urban non-metropolitan (U-NM),
and metropolitan (M).
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Sl. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Source of income
Agriculture and allied activities
Non-agricultural household
enterprises
Wages and salaries
Rent, dividend and interest
Other sources
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Sl.
No.
Component of savings
1.
Savings in physical assets in agriculture and allied
pursuits
2.
Savings in physical assets in self-employment in
non-agriculture
Net addition to stock of products of cultivation
Net addition to stock of products of mining and
manufacturing
Net addition to stock of livestock and poultry
Savings in housing (residential plot & building)
Savings in financial assets
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Annual disposable income (in INR) per household:
R: 5,100 U-NM: 9,900 M: 16,500
Over 10% of hhs in metropolitan cities had annual Y or C+S
exceeding (in INR) 30,000.
 But negative incomes (Y) were occasionally reported;
 in rare cases, C+S was negative.
The difference (C+S)-Y was SMALLER (in % terms) for
wage/salaried households than for the rest.
 Among non-wage/non-salaried households, the difference (C+S)-Y
was LARGER (in % terms) for cultivator households than for other
households.
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Rural sector (R)
 From Set III hhs (both Y and C+S data collected),
av.(Y) was 30% less than av.(C+S).
 Using Y from Set I hhs and C+S from Set II hhs,
av.(Y) was 40% less than av.(C+S).
These differences were very clearly significant.
Urban sector (both U-NM and M)
Here Y and C+S were nearly equal and the
small differences were not significant.
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Overall ratio S/(C+S):
R: 16-17%
U-NM: 10%
M: 15%
considerable doubt on the data on savings collected in the
survey, especially from the non-metropolis urban sector.
 The savings ratios S/Y and S/(C+S) were negative, if not zero,
for the poorest households in all three sectors.
there was concentration of savings in the upper per capita
income brackets.
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The design of schedules of enquiry could be improved.
 Informants tended to report large liabilities incurred (especially loans
taken) without reporting the asset formation that would be expected to
have taken place in the same period.
More alertness was needed in fieldwork to detect such under-reporting.
 it also revealed the problems of respondent resistance
These have noticed over time
Pilot survey suggested that further full-scale pilot surveys were needed
for arriving at a satisfactory methodology for household income surveys.
However, no further surveys on income have been conducted since
then.
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