“Alone Before God”
Religious Reform and Warfare,
1500–1648
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
TIMELINE
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11-2
The Clash of Dynasties,
1515–1555
• Land-Hungry Monarchs
– Turkish expansion
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11-3
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11-4
The Clash of Dynasties,
1515–1555
• The Changing Rules of Warfare
– Growing armies
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11-5
The Clash of Dynasties,
1515–1555
• Biography: Martin Guerre (1524–1594)
– Peasant, Soldier, and Reluctant Family Man
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11-6
The Clash of Dynasties,
1515–1555
• Winners and Losers
– Casualties of war
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11-7
The Clash of Dynasties,
1515–1555
• The Habsburg-Valois Wars, 1521–1544
– Weary imperialists
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-8
A Tide of Religious Reform
• The Best Path to Salvation?
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-9
A Tide of Religious Reform
• Desiderius Erasmus:
“Prince of Humanists”
– Religious satires
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11-10
A Tide of Religious Reform
• Luther’s Revolution
– Attack on indulgences
– Ninety-five Theses
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-11
A Tide of Religious Reform
• Protestant Religious Ideas
– Priesthood of all believers
– Sacraments
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-12
A Tide of Religious Reform
• The Reformed Church Takes Root
in Germany
– Peasants’ war
– Peace of Augsburg
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-13
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11-14
A Tide of Religious Reform
• Bringing Reform to the States in
Switzerland
– Zwingli
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11-15
A Tide of Religious Reform
• Anabaptists: The Radical Reformers
– Church vs. state
– Radical reformers
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11-16
A Tide of Religious Reform
• Calvinism and the Growing Middle Class
– Predestination
– Spread of Calvinism
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-17
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11-18
A Tide of Religious Reform
• Henry VIII and the English Church
– Seeking a male heir
– Henry’s annulment
– Church of England
– Edward VI
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11-19
A Tide of Religious Reform
• Henry VIII and the English Church
– “Bloody Mary”
– Elizabeth I
– Scotland’s church
– Europe divided
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11-20
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-21
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11-22
The Catholic Reformation
• The Stirring of Reform in Spain
– Ferdinand and Isabella
– Cardinal Ximénez
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11-23
The Catholic Reformation
• The Society of Jesus
– Jesuits established
– Baroque art
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-24
The Catholic Reformation
• The Council of Trent, 1545–1563
– Reforming corruption
– Affirming doctrine
– El Greco
– Scripture and tradition
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11-25
The Catholic Reformation
• Catholics on the Offense
– Philip II
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-26
Key Dates
PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC REFORMERS
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-27
Europe Erupts Again: A Century
of Religious Warfare, 1559–1648
• French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598
– Catholics vs. Huguenots
– Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
– Peace in France
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-28
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-29
Europe Erupts Again: A Century
of Religious Warfare, 1559–1648
• A “Council of Blood” in the Netherlands,
1566–1609
– Revolt breaks out
– Armada against England
– Netherlands split
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11-30
Europe Erupts Again: A Century
of Religious Warfare, 1559–1648
• The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648
– War breaks out
– Wallenstein
– From religion to politics
– Devastation
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11-31
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11-32
Europe Erupts Again: A Century
of Religious Warfare, 1559–1648
• Peace at Westphalia
– Political results
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11-33
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-34
Key Dates
POLITICS OF THE AGE OF REFORMATION
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-35
Life After the Reformation
• New Definitions of Courtship
and Marriage
– Courtship
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11-36
Life After the Reformation
• Forging a Link Between Education
and Work
– Valuing literacy
– Valuing work
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11-37
Life After the Reformation
• Anxiety and Spiritual Insecurity
– Charitable institutions
– Decline of “magic”
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11-38
Life After the Reformation
• Searching for Scapegoats:
The Hunt for Witches
– Fear of the devil
– Persecutions
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distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
11-39