Charles V and the Habsburg
Legacy
Habsburg-Valois Wars
AP European History
Habsburgs – European Dynasty

Maximilian I (1493-1519)

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administrative “circles”, Imperial Chamber and
Council
strategic use of royal marriages

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he marries Mary of Burgundy (France & Netherlands)
their son, Philip, marries Joanna heiress of Castile &
Spanish America, Aragon & its Mediterranean & Italian
possessions
their son, Charles, inherits all this PLUS is elected Holy
Roman Emperor, 1519
Habsburg Family Tree
Mary Tudor
Queen of
England
pg. 355
Habsburg Brothers
•Emperor Charles V (a.k.a. King
Charles I of Spain) – most
powerful ruler of his time
•Ferdinand elected King of
Bohemia and Hungary
•Attempts to protect areas
from the Turks, who had
been moving into Europe
since the fall of
Constantinople, 1453
Habsburg
Dynasty
under
Charles V
U2.D1 #21
The Habsburg Threat

“Universal Monarchy”



threat to national independence
France especially worried (they are surrounded)
England worried (they are not making headway
into the continent)
Charles V – political change in Empire

Reinstatement of:



Imperial Supreme Court
Council of Regency
Creation of:

Consultation of Imperial Diet
In what ways did these concessions end up helping
the PR in Germany? (U2.D1 #22)
Emperor Charles V

Charles V dealing w/ French, Turks, and Pope is
unable to direct attention toward Luther



urges a European wide council for reconciliation
Unfortunately, Francis I and Henry VIII prefer national
councils and Pope Clement VII sides with Francis I
Habsburg-Valois Wars (1521-1544)


Conflict centered around southern France, Netherlands,
Rhineland, northern Spain and Italy
2nd Habsburg-Valois War (1527-1529) = violent sacking
of Rome by the Spanish under Charles V, by 1530
Charles V ruled over most of Italy
Charles V and the Ottoman Empire

Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)


Battle of Mohacs (1526) – King Louis of Hungary
killed & Turks advanced on Vienna, turned back in
1529
1532-1535 forced to fight off Turkish, Arab, and
Barbary attacks on Mediterranean coasts of Spain
and Italy
Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-47, 52-55)

1546 France and Schmalkaldic League go to
war with Empire

Schmalkaldic League (princely Lutheran supporters
and free imperial states), formed in 1531 after Charles
V demands that all converts return to the Catholic
Church

King Henry II (France) supports the Schmalkaldic
League as it weakens the Empire
Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-47, 52-55)


Imperial Forces = German, Dutch, Spanish
& Italian troops
Phase 1


Battle of Mühlberg, Lutherans are defeated
(1547)
Phase 2


1552 Henry II (France) revives wars
1555 France and Schmalkaldic League are
victorious – Charles V forced to negaotiate a
truce
Peace of Augsburg (1555)

cuius regio eius religio: “whose the region,
his the religion”

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rulers at liberty to choose the religion of the
individual states
victory for Lutheranism – now on equal footing
with Catholicism
increased national fragmentation of Germany

The Peace of Augsburg overlooks one crucial issue
of the Reformation. What is it?
Abdication of Charles V

1556 – sick and
exhausted Charles V
gives up his fight of the
Empire and abdicates the
throne to his brother
Ferdinand (HRE +) and
his son, Philip (Spain)


Now in addition to all other
territories (except Spain)
HREmperor is also the King
of Bohemia and Hungary
Philip becomes Philip II,
King of Spain