Civil War
By: Mrs. Brown and Ms. Reardon
September/October 2008
Fifth Grade Standards
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SS5H1: The Civil War: The student will explain the causes, major events, and
consequences of the Civil
– SS5H1.a Identify Uncle Tom's Cabin and John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry
and explain how each of these events was related to the Civil War
– SS5H1.b Discuss how the issues of states' rights and slavery increased
tensions between the North and South
– SS5H1.c Identify major battles and campaigns: Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, the
Atlanta Campaign, Sherman's March to the Sea, and Appomattox Court House.
– SS5H1.d Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S.
Grant, Jefferson Davis, and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson.
– SS5H1.e Describe the effects of war on the North and the South.
SS5H2: Reconstruction: The student will analyze the effects of Reconstruction on
American Life
• SS5H2.a Describe the purpose of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.
• SS5H2.b Explain the work of the Freedmen's Bureau.
• SS5H2.c Explain how slavery was replaced by sharecropping and how AfricanAmericans were prevented from exercising their newly won rights; include a
discussion of Jim Crow laws and customs.
Essential Questions
• What were the causes of the Civil War?
• What important events happened during
the Civil War?
• What were the effects of the Civil War?
Our Class: The North versus
the South
• Northern Team
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Jordan
Evan
Brianna
Patrick
Ashleigh
Bryce
Laura
Jonathan
Rebekah
Madison
Bennett
Esther
Lindsey
Thomas
Griffin
Christina
Afi
• Southern Team
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Aubrie
Sarah B.
Kaitlin
Ashley
Marshall
Madie
Sarah R.
Justin
Caroline
Northern States vs. Southern
States
Other Names for the Civil War
• The War Against
Northern Aggression
• The War for
Constitutional Liberty
• The War for Southern
Independence
• The War Between the
States
• The War for States’
Rights
• Mr. Lincoln’s War
• The War for the Union
• The Southern Rebellion
• The War to Suppress
Yankee Arrogance
• The Brothers’ War
• The War of Succession
• The War for Southern
Nationality
• The War Against Slavery
• The War of the Sixties
• The Yankee Invasion
• The War for Abolition
The Civil War – Differences
• Differences between the North and the
South
• North
– Many factories (100,000) (industrial)
– Also had mines, farms, and businesses
– People moving from rural lands to the cities
– Immigrants
– Larger population (19 million)
– Outlawed slavery in 1846
The Civil War – Differences
• South
– Although there were factories, there weren’t
as many as the North (20,000) (agricultural)
– Smaller population (11 million, 4 million of
those were slaves)
– Most Southerners still depended on farming to
earn a living
• COTTON, rice, tobacco, sugarcane
Cotton Gin
• South: needed slaves to work the cotton
gin (invented by Eli Whitney)
– The cotton gin was very important in farming
cotton
– Helped to remove the cotton seeds quickly
– This meant that the South could produce
cotton more quickly which meant more
MONEY
– Without slaves to work the cotton gins, the
South would not be able to produce as much
cotton
Differences Between the North
and South
Northern States
Southern States
Economy (how Factories,
they got their $$) mines, farms,
businesses
Depended on
Farming
Where they lived Cities
Farms and
Plantations
Causes of the Civil War: The
Issue of Slavery
• North
– Thought slavery was wrong
– Could not make money using slaves because
the cost of feeding, clothing, and housing
slaves was expensive
– People were not property, they deserved the
same rights as everyone else
Causes of the Civil War: The
Issue of Slavery
• South
– Slave owners depended on the work of slaves
– Slaves worked as miners, carpenters, factory
workers, and house servants
– Most slaves worked on large plantations
where they worked in the fields
– Not every white Southerner owned slaves
(most did not!)
Underground Railroad
• Formed by Harriet
Tubman
– Maryland slave who ran
away
– Helped more than 300
slaves escape
– Large reward offered for
her capture, but she never
was captured
Underground Railroad
• Not really underground or a railroad
• Transported slaves to freedom through a series of “stations” and
were led by a secret “conductors”
• Move slaves from states where slavery was legal to states where
slavery was illegal
• Slaves would hide in houses and receive secret codes to find the
next “station”
• Most of the houses or businesses that were “stations” were owned
by free slaves and white abolitionists
• Slaves traveled at night by walking or riding from one place to
another until they crossed the border into a free state
• Most slaves wanted to go to Canada because they refused to deport
escaped slaves
• If a slave got caught he could face prison time or even death
• Anyone who helped slaves become free could also face prison time
or death if they were caught
Underground Railroad
• Helpers along the
way provided food,
shelter, clothing, and
money to escaping
slaves
• The entire escape
would take days and
weeks to complete
Follow the Drinking Gourd
• A secret song that helped
slaves escaped
• Contained directions to follow
instructions and a map to their
next destination
• Drinking gourd = hollowed out
gourd used for drinking water
• The song, entitled "Follow the
Drinking Gourd," refers to the
constellation called the Big
Dipper, whose end stars, the
"pointers," guide one's gaze to
Polaris, the North Star
Causes of the War – States’
Individual Rights
• 10th Amendment to the Constitution:
– “The Powers not delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it
to the states, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people.”
– North and South couldn’t agree on what the
10th Amendment meant
Causes of the Civil War –
States Rights
• South
– Thought that individual
states should have
more power
– Wanted to allow states
to make their own laws
(such as slavery laws)
– Thought states could
CHOOSE which
federal laws to obey
– Believed states could
break away (secede)
from the Union
• North
– Supported the federal
government
– States had to obey all
the laws passed by the
federal government
– Thought the federal
government should
control all states (no
individual rights)
– Believed states could
not secede from the
Union
Causes of the Civil War Economics
• North
– Had factories, farms, mines, and businesses
to keep its economy going (diverse)
– Wanted tariffs in order to make improvements
to roadways, canals, etc.
– Had more banks, were able to collect interest
– Taxed less
Causes of the Civil War Economics
• South
– Depended on farming as its main economy
– Did not want to pay taxes (tariffs) on foreign
products because they felt it was unfair since
they imported more products than the North
– Taxes placed on products exported to foreign
products
– Paid higher interest rates on loans from banks
Causes of the Civil War – A
Summary
• North
– Slavery: Against
slavery
– States’ Rights: Up to
the National
Government
– Economics: North had
more money,
controlled most banks,
collected tariffs on
traded goods
• South
– Slavery: Needed
slaves for farming
– States’ Rights: Up to
the individual state
– Economics: South had
less money, had less
control over
banks/money, and had
to pay tariffs to the
North
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Anti-slavery book
written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe
• Describes the cruel
life of a slave, Tom
• Huge impact on the
views of slavery
Brown’s Raid on Harper’s
Ferry
• John Brown was an
abolitionist
• In 1859, he took control of
U.S. military weapons (located
at Harpers Ferry) in order to
take a stand against slavery
• Thought people would join
him, especially slaves, but
that didn’t happen
• Military captured Brown and
sentenced him to death
• Abolitionists thought his death
meant that slavery was
supported by the government
and Brown became a martyr
United States Elects a New
President
• Abraham Lincoln
– Some southern states said
that if Lincoln was elected,
they would secede from the
Union
– Elected in November 1860
– Became president in 1861
• 16th President
– Republican
• Republicans were against
slavery, but Lincoln said that
he would allow slave states to
remain slave states and free
states to remain free states,
but any new states would be
free states
• Lincoln said he hoped slavery
would eventually stop in the
south
– President throughout the Civil
War
Southern States Secede
• South Carolina (1st state to secede)
– “We, the people of the State of South
Carolina, in Convention assembled, do
declare and ordain that the union now
subsisting between South Carolina and other
States under the name ‘The United States of
America’ is hereby dissolved.” (Declaration of
the Causes of Secession)
Southern States Secede
• The Charleston Mercury Newspaper
Reported:
– “On yesterday, the 20th of December, 1860,
just before one o’clock p.m., the Ordinance of
secession was presented…upon the
announcement…that South Carolina was no
longer a member of the Federal Union, loud
shouts of joy rent the air. The enthusiasm was
unsurpassed. Old men went shouting down
the streets…and bright triumph was depicted
on every countenance.”
“Bonnie Blue Flag”
First gallant South Carolina, nobly made
the stand,
Then came Alabama with Mississippi close
at hand,
Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas
joined the fight,
Along came brave Virginia, seceding for her
rights.
“Bonnie Blue Flag”
Then cheer, boys, cheer and raise a joyous
shout,
Arkansas and North Carolina now have
both gone out.
Tennessee’s another light to shine in
Southern heavens,
The Union of Confederate States has grown
to be ELEVEN.
“Bonnie Blue Flag”
Refrain:
Hurrah, hurrah for Southern rights, hurrah!
Hurrah for the Bonnie Blue Flag that bears a
single star.
“Bonnie Blue Flag”
As long as the Union was faithful to her
trust,
Like neighbors, friends and brethren, kind
we were and just;
But when the Southern way of life, you
attempt to mar,
We hoist on high the Bonnie Blue Flag that
bears a single star.
“Bonnie Blue Flag”
We are a band of brothers and native to the
land,
Like patriots of old, our heritage so grand,
And when our rights were threatened, the
cry rose near and far,
Hurrah for the Bonnie Blue Flag that bears a
single star.
“Bonnie Blue Flag”
Refrain:
Hurrah, hurrah for Southern rights, hurrah!
Hurrah for the Bonnie Blue Flag that bears a
single star.
Southern States Secede
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Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas
Virginia
Arkansas
North Carolina
Tennessee
• Together these 11
states would make up
the Confederate
States of America
President of the Confederate
States of America
• Jefferson Davis
– Attended West Point
– Plantation owner in
Mississippi
– Representative and
Senator (strongly
supported Southern
causes, including
slavery)
Fort Sumter
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The South now believed that anything in the South was theirs, including
forts
April 12, 1861
Confederates (South) opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South
Carolina
Union (North) surrendered after 34 hours of fighting because they ran out of
ammunition, the South gained Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter is important because it marks the beginning of the Civil War
Fort Sumter – 1860
Fort Sumter - 1861
Fort Sumter – Today
Famous Leaders of the Civil
War (Union)
• Ulysses S. Grant
– General in the Union
Army
– Attended West Point
– Although never a
strong student, he
proved to be a strong
leader
– Elected president in
1868
Famous Leaders of the Civil
War (Union)
• George B. McClellan
– Lincoln thought
McClellan would bring
a quick end to the war
– McClellan’s arrogance
got in the way and he
began to make bad
choices
– Eventually ran for
president against
Abraham Lincoln but
lost
• William Sherman
– Was a successful
leader because he
split the Confederacy
apart (Sherman’s
March to the Sea)
Famous Leaders of the Civil
War (Confederate)
• Robert E. Lee
– General in the
Confederate Army
– Turned down
command of the Union
army to support his
home state of Virginia
– West Point graduate
Famous Leaders of the Civil
War (Confederate)
• Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson
– Officer in the
Confederate army
– Given the nickname
“Stonewall” because
he was tough to beat
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President Jefferson Davis and Generals
Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall"
Jackson
First Battle of Bull Run
• July 21, 1861
• Fought near a creek called “Bull Run” in
Virginia
• First real battle of the war
• Northerners thought this would be a quick
battle that would end the war
• People came from all around to watch the
battle
• Confederate troops won
First Battle of Bull Run
Second Battle of Bull Run
• August 26 – September 1, 1862
• Also fought near Bull Run Creek in Virginia
• Confederate troops won again, even
though Union troops had more soldiers
• Confederate troops had better leaders and
were better at planning than the North
Battle of Antietam
• September 17, 1862
• Single bloodiest day of fighting in the Civil
War
• More than 27,000 casualties
• Union victory
• Led Lincoln to declare his Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1, 1863
• Freed slaves in the
South
• Began by declaring
freedom for all
escaped slaves
• Then moved to
include all slaves in
areas taken over by
the Union army
• Nearly all slaves were
freed by July 1865
Battle of Gettysburg
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July 1 – 3, 1863
Fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Both sides lost many men
Put a quick end to the second (and final)
Confederate invasion of the North
• Confederate troops retreated back to
Virginia, losing the battle and many men
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
• November 19, 1863
• Abraham Lincoln’s
speech was given during
his dedication of a
cemetery at the site of the
Battle of Gettysburg in
Pennsylvania
• Wanted to bring equality
to all citizens, grant new
freedoms
• Ensure that our
government was “of the
people, by the people, for
the people”
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this
continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition
that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or
any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on
a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that
field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that
nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we
cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled
here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The
world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never
forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to
the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that
cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation
under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth."
Sherman’s March to the Sea
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Began on November 15, 1864 and ended December 10, 1864
Sherman and his troops burned down anything in their path from Atlanta to
Savannah
They were trying to destroy anything that could help Confederate troops
(crops for food, shelter, businesses)
They destroyed railroads, bridges, telegraph lines, manufacturing plants,
plantations, and anything else that Sherman thought was valuable to the
South
Sherman’s soldiers took any food and livestock they could find, giving their
army anything they wanted to eat and leaving Confederate troops starving
Even though Sherman ordered his troops not to take anything from private
citizens, many Southerners were taken for all they had and had their homes
and farms destroyed
Finally after reaching Savannah, Sherman went north towards South
Carolina, who it was believed was the main cause of the war, and continued
to destroy everything
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Lincoln Reelected
• In 1864, Abraham Lincoln is reelected for
a second term as President of the United
States of America
The War Ends
• After Union troops defeated Confederate troops to take control of
Richmond, Virginia (the capital of the Confederate States of
America), the South begins to realize the war is over and they have
lost their fight
• On April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General
Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia
President Lincoln
Assassinated
• April 14, 1865 President Lincoln is shot in the
head by John Wilkes Booth while he was
attending a performance at Ford’s Theatre in
Washington, D.C.
• Lincoln dies the following morning
• Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes 17th
President