Industrial
Revolution
Industrial Revolution begins in
Britain
 Agricultural Revolution
 Enclosures
 Crop
Rotation
 Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill
 Livestock Breeding
 All lead to a population growth
Industrial Revolution begins in
Britain
 Great Britain’s advantages
 Large
Population
 Natural Resources
Water Power / Fuel
 Iron Ore
 Rivers
 Harbors

 Expanding

Economy
Banking system / loans for investment
 Political
Stability
Britain’s Factors of Production
Factor of
Production
Definition
Example from
textile industry
Inventions / Discoveries
The Flying Shuttle
Inventions / Discoveries
The Spinning Jenny
Inventions / Discoveries
Water Frame
Inventions / Discoveries
Spinning Mule
Inventions / Discoveries
Power Loom
Inventions / Discoveries
Rise of Factories
Inventions / Discoveries
Cotton Gin
Inventions / Discoveries
Steam Engine
Inventions / Discoveries
Steamboat
Inventions / Discoveries
Roads / Turnpikes
Inventions / Discoveries
Rocket
Inventions / Discoveries
Railroad Effects
1. Spurred further Industrial Growth
2. New Jobs created
3. Boosted agriculture and fishing
industries
4. People able to take distant city jobs
5. People able to travel further
distances
Inventions / Discoveries
Thomas Edison
Inventions / Discoveries
Alexander Graham Bell
Inventions / Discoveries
Guglielmo Marconi
Inventions / Discoveries
Henry Ford
Inventions / Discoveries
Wright Brothers
Inventions / Discoveries
Louis Pasteur
Inventions / Discoveries
Joseph Lister
Inventions / Discoveries
Charles Darwin
Inventions / Discoveries
Gregor Mendel
Inventions / Discoveries
Pierre an Marie Curie
Industrialization
 By1800s people could earn higher
wages in factories than on farms
 1800’s balance shifted from rural
(farms) areas to urban (cities)
 1800-1850 large cities more than
doubled
 Period known as urbanization
Industrialization
 Factories developed in Clusters
 London was most important city
Industrial living conditions
 No development plans, sanitary codes
or building codes
 Lacked adequate housing, education,
and police protection
 Unpaved streets, no drains
 Dark, dirty shelters. Families living in 1
bedroom
 Sickness widespread (cholera)
 City life span 17 years
 Merchants/Factory owners lived in
suburbs
Industrial Working Conditions
 Average work day 14 hours 6 days a
week
 Dangers of not well lit, Machine injuries
 Coal Mines most dangerous
 Many Women/Children worked in Coal
Mines
Class Tensions
 New Middle Class formed
 Upper
Middle Class= government
employees, doctors, lawyers, factory
managers
 Lower middle class=skilled workers
 The Working Class
 Laborers
 Saw
little improvement in their living and
working conditions
 Luddites
Positive Effects of
Industrialization
 New Jobs
 Added Wealth to Nation
 Technological Progress and invention
 Raised standard of living
 Hope of improvement
 Life of laborers eventually improved with
labor unions
 Long-Term Effects?
Industrialization Spreads
 US follows England
 Begins
with Textiles
 Railroads
 Use of Corporations (Rockefeller,
Carnegie)
 Continental Europe
 Belgium
leads the way
 By late 1800’s Germany becomes a
military and industrial giant
 Not all European nations industrialized
Impact of Industrialization
 Widened the wealth gap between
industrialized and nonindustrialized
countries
 Exploitation of overseas colonies
 Gave Europe tremendous economic
power
 Hardships of early urban workers
 Eventual rise of population, health and
wealth
 Development of a middle class
Philosophers of Industrialization
Adam Smith
 Laissez-Faire Economics
 Law of Self-Interest
 Law of Supply and Demand
 Laid Foundation for Capitalism-
Factors of Production are privately
owned and money is invested business
ventures to make profit
 Supported by works of Thomas Malthus
and David Ricardo
Rise of Socialism
 Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham , John
Stuart Mill
 Utopia- Robert Owen
 Socialism- Charles Fourier
 Factors
of Production owned by
government
 Government ownership would end poverty
and promote equality
Marxism: Radical Socialism
 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write
The Communist Manifesto
 Society
divided into haves (bourgeoisie) or
have-nots (proletariat)
 Predicted eventual overthrow of
bourgeoisie
 Classless society would develop
(Communism)
 Elimination of Private Property
Labor Unions and Reforms
 Union spoke for all workers and
engaged in collective bargaining
 If factory owners refused demands,
union members could strike, or refuse to
work
 Reform Laws
 Factory
reform act of 1833 (child labor)
 Hours Act of 1847
Revolutions in the Arts
Romanticism
 Reaction against Enlightenment and
Classicism
 Key ideas of Romanticism
 Emphasize
inner feelings, emotions,
imagination
 Focused on mysterious
 Cherished folk traditions
 Promoted radical change and democracy
Revolutions in the Arts
Romanticism
 Romantic Literature
 William
Wordsworth
 Lord Byron
 Victor Hugo
 Marry Shelley “Frankenstein”
 Music
 Ludwig
Van Beethoven
 Robert Schuman
 Frederick Chopin
Revolutions in the Arts
Realism
 Tried to show life as it really was
 Photography
 Literature
 Emile
zola
 Charles Dickens
Revolutions in the Arts
Impressionism
 Reaction against realism
 Use of pure shimmering colors
 Famous Painters
 Calude
Monet
 Edgar Degas
 Pierre-Auguste Renoir