Physics 20
Learning Outcomes
Human Vision
1. Define the following terms: accommodation, near point.
2. Describe the function of the following parts of the human eye: cornea, lens, ciliary
muscles, suspensory ligaments, iris, aqueous humour, vitreous humour, sclerotic, retina,
rods, cones, optic nerve.
3. Research the causes and known treatments of any of the following defects in human
vision: myopia (nearsightedness), hypermetropia (far-sightedness), presbyopia,
astigmatism, colour blindness, cataracts.
4. Describe how the rods and cones on the retina respond to light differently.
5. Explain why binocular vision is necessary for correct depth perception.
6. Explain the differences between regular eye glasses, bifocals, and trifocals.
Lenses
1. Define the following terms: converging (positive) lens, diverging (negative) lens, optical
centre, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, focal plane, achromatic lens, virtual
object.
2. Distinguish between a converging (positive) lens and a diverging (negative) lens.
3. Draw diagrams of converging and diverging lenses, showing the principal axis and
important points on the principal axis for each type of lens.
4. Draw neat, properly labeled, accurate, scaled ray diagrams for single thin lenses.
5. Apply the rules for drawing ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses (parallelray method) to draw an object on the principal axis and locate the position and other
characteristics of its image.
6. Use a ray diagram to interpret the characteristics of an image formed by a lens.
7. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance and use of a procedure of verification.
8. Recognize that, even though light rays are refracted at both surfaces by a lens, for thin
lenses the incident rays can be shown refracting at the construction line passing through
the optical centre of the lens.
9. Explain why light rays travelling over a long distance are effectively parallel when they
reach a lens (or other type of optical system)
10. Apply lens equations, in conjunction with ray diagrams and other methods, to solve
problems in optics dealing with lenses.
11. Explain one method that can be used to correct for spherical aberration in lenses.
12. Distinguish between a real object and a virtual object.
13. Identify various useful applications of lenses, and show their importance to society.
Other Applications
Independent learning involving at least six of the following topics:
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animal vision
apparent depth
applications of light involving
computers
artificial light sources
atmospheric effects
binocular vision
binoculars
black body radiation
cameras
catadioptric lenses
colour perception
colour pigments
colour temperature
compound lenses
contact lenses
eclipses
electron microscopes
emission spectroscopy
eproms
fibre optics
fluorescence
fun-house mirrors
gravity lenses
holography
illuminance
image enhancing
infrared light
kaleidoscopes
laser disks
lasers
light emitting diodes
lidar (light detecting and ranging)
light meters
light microscopes
light pressure
lighting
liquid crystal displays
magnifiers
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one-way mirrors
optical aberrations
optical illusions
optical instruments
optical levers (i.e., Cavendish balance)
optometry
parabolic reflectors
periscopes
phosphorescence
photoelasticity
photoelectric cells
photographic applications
pinhole cameras
plasma displays
prism retroreflectors
prisms
projectors
rainbows
range finding
rearview mirrors
remote sensing
resolution
resolving power
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
(S.E.T.I.)
solar cells
solar heating
solar reflectors
spectroscopy
spotlights and search lights
sun tanning
telescopes
television
thin films, air wedges, and iridescence
ultraviolet light
video recording
x-ray diffraction
zoom lenses
Case Focus
The student will investigate and apply various light applications found in the entertainment
field to human vision and the audience experience. The goal is to have students apply the light
effect in a situation and describe the experience the audience member would have visually.
Students must understand human vision, including the parts of the human eye, human vision
defects and their corrections.
Students will then investigate lenses. The goal is to have students understand thin, single
lenses, including types of lenses, ray diagrams, principal axis and focus along with related
material, and image characteristics.
Finally, the students will choose 6 lighting effects that could be used in an entertainment
setting (theatre, movies, television, live concert, photo-shoot for a magazine pictorial) describe
the lighting effect and how it impacts the audience experience through human vision.
Role and Situation
Students will play the role of a lighting effects specialist. The student has been hired to create
lighting effects for an entertainment setting (theatre, movies, television, live concert, photo
shoot for a magazine pictorial). Student will research and choose six (6) lighting effects for their
event and present their choices to the production company in charge of the event.
Teacher-Anticipated Resources
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Materials/Technology
Notebook cart/Computer lab/Internet connection
SMART board
Textbook
Teacher generated lesson on lenses
People/Places
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Optometrists
Lighting specialists
Special effect specialists
Entertainment production companies
Case Background
The entertainment industry relies heavily on light and lighting effects for their productions to
be effective and successful. As a team of lighting effect specialists, your job is to choose the
best effect for each specific situation during a production in order to give the audience the best
experience possible. You are responsible for effects during concerts, movie and TV productions,
theatre productions and photo shoots for magazines. You and your team will present 6 lighting
effects that could be used in a production (theatre, movies, television, live concert, photo-shoot
for a magazine pictorial) and describe the lighting effect and how it impacts the audience
experience through human vision.
Disclosure 1
Mayhem Productions (MP) is an entertainment production company that organizes concerts,
produces movies and television programs, produces theatre productions and organizes
magazine photo shoots. They have hired your team of lighting effect specialists to work on their
various projects. MP is very thorough in their desire to give audience members the best visual
experience possible. They want to know as much about the human eye as possible, including
vision defects and their corrections. They want information on the function of various parts of
the human eye, including: cornea, lens, ciliary muscles, suspensory ligaments, iris, aqueous
humour, vitreous humour, sclerotic, retina, rods, cones, and optic nerve. MP also wants to
know what accommodation and near point mean regarding human vision, as well as how rods
and cones respond to light differently.
NAME___________________________________________
DATE___________________
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS – MEET THE PROBLEM
1) What is the problem?
2) What do you KNOW about the problem? Brainstorm and list all your ideas.
3) What do you NEED TO KNOW?
4) DEVELOP A PROBLEM STATEMENT
How can we
in such a way that
ASK YOURSELF: Is the Problem Statement relevant to the problem?
5) What do you NEED TO DO? Who? How? Where? When?
NAME___________________________________________
DATE___________________
INFORMATION GATHERING
1) Write down your findings – include all data and results (use separate sheets).
2) How is this information relevant to the problem?
3) What was your resource? Is it credible?
4) Share your information at the next session.
NAME___________________________________________
DATE___________________
INFORMATION SHARING – GROUP SESSION
Each team member will share his or her findings with the group; disclosure to follow.
1) What do you KNOW? Brainstorm and list all ideas.
2) What do you NEED TO KNOW? Brainstorm and list all ideas.
3) Revisit your Problem Statement considering what you now KNOW and what you
still NEED TO KNOW.
ASK YOURSELF: Is the Problem Statement relevant to the problem?
4) What do you NEED TO DO? Who? How? Where? When?
Disclosure 2
MP also wants to know about causes and known treatments for the following defects in human
vision: myopia (nearsightedness), hypermetropia (far-sightedness), presbyopia, astigmatism,
colour blindness, cataracts. MP also wants to know why binocular vision is necessary for correct
depth perception. They are also curious of the differences between regular eye glasses, bifocals
and trifocals.
Disclosure 3
MP was cleaning out old files from their
office when they can across a folder that
belonged to their previous lighting effects
partner. MP has given the list to you so you
have a list of possible choices for you
lighting effects. Make sure you are aware of
the lighting effects on the list.
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animal vision
apparent depth
applications of light involving
computers
artificial light sources
atmospheric effects
binocular vision
binoculars
black body radiation
cameras
catadioptric lenses
colour perception
colour pigments
colour temperature
compound lenses
contact lenses
eclipses
electron microscopes
emission spectroscopy
eproms
fibre optics
fluorescence
fun-house mirrors
gravity lenses
holography
illuminance
image enhancing
infrared light
kaleidoscopes
laser disks
lasers
light emitting diodes
lidar (light detecting and ranging)
light meters
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light microscopes
light pressure
lighting
liquid crystal displays
magnifiers
one-way mirrors
optical aberrations
optical illusions
optical instruments
optical levers (i.e., Cavendish balance)
optometry
parabolic reflectors
periscopes
phosphorescence
photoelasticity
photoelectric cells
photographic applications
pinhole cameras
plasma displays
prism retroreflectors
prisms
projectors
rainbows
range finding
rearview mirrors
remote sensing
resolution
resolving power
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
(S.E.T.I.)
solar cells
solar heating
solar reflectors
spectroscopy
spotlights and search lights
sun tanning
telescopes
television
thin films, air wedges, and iridescence
ultraviolet light
video recording
x-ray diffraction
zoom lenses
Disclosure 4
MP has a job for you. You will be given one of the projects MP is currently working on. You will
need to present six (6) lighting effects that would be fitting for the production and enhance the
audience experience. Once you have chosen your six (6) lighting effects, you will need to
explain the following to MP:
1. How the effect or technology works.
2. What materials and/or equipment are necessary to create the effect? If you can attach a
cost to the effect, that would help.
3. What will the audience experience be like? (i.e. what will the effect look like to the
audience?) Can you provide a demonstration of the effect?
Disclosure 5
Your team will present the six (6) effects chosen from disclosure 4 to the executives of MP. You
will have XX minutes to present your findings.