Origins of U.S. Government
Unit 1
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Unit 1 Warm up 1: 8/22
U.S. Gov.
K
W
L
The Origins of U.S.
Government
“Knowledge will forever govern ignorance;
and a people who mean to be their own
governors must arm themselves with the
power which knowledge gives.”
~ James Madison
Warm Up
• Thomas Hobbes believed people are born
into a state of chaos and are bad,
government is needed to correct this state
of chaos.
• John Locke believed people were born
good and natural conflicts occur which
government can correct.
• Which do you agree with and why?
State of Nature
• The natural state of
man before the
formation of
government. No laws or
restrictions on behavior
• Natural Rights
• Law of Nature
• Civic Virtue:
– Sacrificing for the benefit
of the community, giving
of yourself to benefit
others
• Which theory of the origin of the state gave
justification for the Declaration of
Independence to be written and signed?
• Which enlightenment thinker spoke of the
social contract between the people and
their government? The People are the
government.
In your opinion, which Philosopher
was correct about human nature?
Locke or Hobbes?
•Topic Sentence
•Explain giving at
least 2 pieces of
evidence
Warm Up
• List the four elements of a state
• Which one of the four is Colorado missing?
• Which theory of the origin of the state was
used as justification for the U.S. declaring
independence?
Sovereignty
Hobbes
Leviathon
Soc. Contract corrects
natural state of chaos
People are born bad,
set ground work for
Locke
Locke
Treatise of Gov.
(1690)
Smith
Wealth of Nations
(1776)
On Crimes and
Punishments
Spirit of Laws
Soc. Contract
Consent of
governed People
are born good
Self-Interest/
Capitalism
Father of 8th
Amendment
Separation of
Powers
Beccaria
Montesquieu
Origins of the State
Evolutionary
Theory
One group claimed control and
all to submit to that group’s
rule. All elements of state exist
The state began with the family
ethnic related
Divine Right
Theory
God created the state and will
decide who will rule
Social Contract
Theory
People agree to give up as
much power as is needed to
promote well being of all
Force Theory
“A free people claim their rights as derived
from the laws of nature, and not as the gift
of their chief magistrate.” – Jefferson 1774
“The sacred rights of mankind are not to be
rummaged for, among old parchments, or
musty records. They are written, as with a
sunbeam, in the whole volume of human
nature, by the hand of the divinity itself;
and can never be erased or obscured by
mortal power.”
- Hamilton 1775
Categorizing Government
• Where is the Power?
– Unitary
– Federal
– Confederacy
• Legislative/Executive Relationship
– Presidential
– Parliamentary
• Who can participate?
Dictatorship
Democracy
Warm Up #6
• Which would you prefer for the United
States,
– The President elected for a set term
– The ability for the Congress to call for new
elections whenever they feel the President
needs to be replaced
• Why?
Geographic Dist. Of Power
1. Strongest Central power
2. Lacks checks and balances
Unitary
1. Strong central power
1. Polarized power structure
1.Central gov
Federal
Confederation
1. Division of
1. Local, Central Share power power local and
2. Regionalized needs voiced central
1. Weak Central gov.
2. Power to the States
Number of Participants pp.12-16
Dictatorship
1.Small group holds power, not
the people
2.Not held accountable to the
people.
3. Oligarchy (N.Korea, China),
autocracy, Theocracy,
1.Elections
2. Laws
Democracy
1.Power to the people
2.Two forms
Direct
Indirect/Republic/Rep
Democracy
Executive/Legislative
Relationship pp.12-16
Presidential
1.Set term in office
2.Separation of powers Leg/Exec
3.Elected by the people
1.Cabinet
2.Legislature
elected by
the people
Parliamentary
1.Prime Minister stays only
with support of Parliament
2.Elected by parliament
Read pp. 29-30 List at least 4 characteristics of
each of the following:Magna Carta, Petition of
Right, and English Bill of Rights
Magna Carta 1215 Petition of Right
1628
English Bill of
Rights 1688
Activity
• Match the U.S. Bill of Rights with the
English Bill of Rights
• Write down the similarities
Preamble 1787/ Magna Carta 1215
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a
more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
Tranquility, provide for the common defence,[note 1]
promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings
of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain
and establish this Constitution for the United States of
America.
We have also granted to all freemen of our kingdom, for us and our heirs
forever, all the underwritten liberties, to be had and held by them and
their heirs, of us and our heirs forever
Warm up
List three ideas that Jefferson and Locke shared in
their two documents, the “Declaration of
Independence” and “Second Treatise of Civil
Government”
• People have the power to change government
• All men are created equal
• Popular sovereignty, Social Contract
• Government should protect basic rights
Warm up
• Read pp.44-47
• What was the Articles of Confederation?
• List four weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation.
• What was the conclusion of the Annapolis
Convention?
Declaration of Independence
• Dramatic Reading of the Declaration of
Independence
• Declaration Read by NFL Alumni
Articles of Confederation
1781-1789
• United For:
– Common defense
– Security of liberties
– General welfare
• Structure
– Congress
– No executive or judicial branches
Articles of Confederation
1781-1789
• States rights
– Powers not delegated congress
• Weaknesses
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
One vote
No taxing powers
No commerce regulations
No executive to enforce acts
No national court system
Amendments only by all states agreeing
9/13 required to pass a law
Trace the origins of the U.S. Constitution through a minimum of three
documents or theories. Be sure to explain how they influenced the
development of U.S. government.
•The thesis should be at the top in statement form. You do not need
an intro paragraph. No conclusion paragraph
•Supporting evidence should be given in following paragraphs; one
paragraph for each big idea of supporting information (3 examples).
•Be sure to include a minimum of 3 examples (Paragraphs) of
theories or documents.
•Don’t forget the question is asking for three theories or documents
and how they influenced the development of U.S. Government.
3 points for listing three, 7 points for explaining their significance
Magna
Carta
Petition of
Right
Trial by jury
X
X
Due Process
X
Monarch or Chief
Executive is not
absolute
No unreasonable
search and seizure, no
cruel punishment
No excessive bail
X
X
U.S. Bill of
Rights/Constitution
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Right to Petition
X
Free speech, press,
religion
Consent of Parliament
X
No Military Rule
X
No Quartering
X
No Taxation without
consent
Free parliamentary
elections
X
Fair and speedy trial
Va. Dec of
Rights
X
Right to bear arms
Property Rights
English Bill of
Rights
X
X
X
X
X
No standing
Army
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Documents and Theories That
Led to the Creation of the
Constitution
•
•
•
•
•
•
Magna Carta
Petition of Right
English Bill of Rights
Social Contract
Declaration of Independence
John Locke, T. Hobbes, Smith, Montesquieu,
Beccaria , George Mason
The Constitution
and the Bill of
Rights
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chap. 2 Sec. 4
Warm Up
Unit 2 Warm Up #1
Equal representation
Representation by
population
Small States
Large States
Strong Central Gov.
Confederation of States
Bi-Cameral
Compromise
Categorize
the Left
Hand
Column by
the State
plan they
best
represent
Virginia
New Jersey
Connecticut
Unit 2 Warm Up #2
• What Compromise was made to calm
Southern fears that the new government
would be funded by taxing exports?
• What Compromise was made to allow
Southern States to increase the population
count of their States by counting a portion
of their slaves in order to allow for more
Representatives?
Pragmatic Approach
Hoffstadtler & Roche: Politicians
1948
Large
States
Based on
population
3
Branches
2 House
legislature
Small States
One House
Equal
representati
on
Each State
one vote
• Southern States feared Congress Tax
Tobacco
• No tax on exports from U.S.
• Can’t act on slave trade for 20 years
• Congress will be made
up of two houses
• States represented
equally in Senate
• House representation
based on population
• Satisfied smaller states
• Called “The Great
Compromise”
• What were five objections the AntiFederalists had to the Constitution?
Pp.56-57
Ratification process
That God was not mentioned
States couldn’t print money
Central Gov. too powerful
That there wasn’t a Bill of Rights
• James Madison, John Jay and
Alexander Hamilton wrote 85 essays
• Stressed weaknesses of the AOC
• Convincing commentary in NY on
ratifying the Constitution
• Again, debate between
the Federalists and the
Anti-Federalists
• Led to the creation of
The Federalist, 85
essays supporting
ratification written by
Alexander Hamilton,
John Jay and James
Madison.
• Written under the pen
name, Publius
• Finally enough support
on September 13, 1788
• NYC was the temporary
capital
• First presidential
election set for first
Wednesday in January
• George Washington was
unanimously elected
President, John Adams
VP
• Philadelphia became
temporary capitol
Federalist Papers Debate
• Two-Four per team
• Your team will be given a Federalist Paper #
to prepare a position for debate
• Write an opening statement (at least 3
points)
• Prepare arguments for and against
• Write a closing statement
Federalist Papers Debate
• Federalist 72
– Resolved: Ronald Reagan is correct in believing
that a President should not be limited to two
terms in office
• Federalist 78
– Resolved: Alexander Hamilton was correct in
believing that Supreme Court Justices should
serve for life and not be limited.
Federalist Papers Debate
• Federalist 9 and 10
– Resolved: Madison was correct in believing
that a large Republic better serves the will of
the people than 13 small republics would.
• Federalist 51
– Resolved: Madison was correct in believing
that Judges should be appointed by the
President rather than elected by the people.
Due in 25 Minutes
• Opening Statement With at least three
specific arguments
• Details on the three arguments
• Written details with opening statement must
be written and turned in.
Order of Debate
• Opening Statement
– Pro
– Con
•
•
•
•
Statement/ Questions pro- con
Statement/ Questions pro- con
Statement/ Questions pro- con
Closing Statement
– Con
– Pro
Warm Up # 4
Write the Branch of Government that has the
power or characteristic listed
• Declares acts of Congress unconstitutional
• Make laws
• Veto legislation
• Remove judges
• Recommend legislation
• Enforces laws
• Approves or rejects appointments
• Appointed for life
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Carries out laws
Appropriates funds
Appoints supreme court justices
Override veto
Appoints federal judges
Removes a President
Approves treaties
Makes laws
Warm Up # 4
• Write down a situation in which Local, State,
or National government had a conflict with
each other.
• How was it resolved?
• Examples: Congress over whether we should
stay or withdrawal from Iraq.
• City over expansion plans on an East West
corridor.
6 Principles of the Constitution
• Popular Sovereignty
– Power to the People/ people are the source of Gov. power/ “We the
People”
• Limited Government
– Rule of Law/ Constitutionalism
• Separation of Powers
– 3 Branches/non Parliamentary/ not centralized power
• Federalism
– Shared powers State and Central Governments/ American Gov.
System/ Compromise to Articles of Confederation
• Judicial Review
– Deciding constitutionality of laws/ Marbury v. Madison
• Checks and Balances
– No one branch is superior to the other/ Veto/ confirmation hearings
Warm Up
• Take out your cell phones and answer this
question.
Warm Up # 4
• What is the constitutional principle that
was devised as a compromise between a
powerful central government and a loose
confederation of States?
• Federalism
Formal Amendments pp. 72-77
• Method 1
•
•
• Method 2
•
•
• Method 3
•
• Method 4
•
26 of 27 done in this manner
Proposed by 2/3 vote in both houses only
by Congress
Adopted by ¾ or 38 State legislatures
1 of 27 done in this manner
Proposed by 2/3 of Congress
Adopted by ¾ States in State conventions
Proposed by national convention
Adopted by ¾ State legislatures
Proposed by national convention
Adopted by ¾ State conventions
Informal Amendments pp. 79-82
• Basic Legislation
–
–
Details were added by Congresses
Ways it interprets the Constitution
and carries out its duties
• Executive Actions
–
–
Presidential use of Necessary and
Expedient Clause “Necessary &
Expedient Clause” Detroit
Executive order
Informal Amendments pp. 79-82
• Supreme Court Decisions
– Marbury v. Madison
• Political Parties
– Nomination process
– Election process
• Customs
– Cabinet
– 2 terms for President
– Presidential succession
The End of Unit 1