ANTERIOR CINGULATE
The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) resembles a collar
around the Corpus Collosum.
The ACC is an area of profound biological importance and
plays a role in many illness conditions. It is active during many
brain processes covering a variety of activities.
The ACC can be thought of as center for transmitting information to
other brain regions for further processing.
http://theamazingworldofpsychiatry.wordpress.com/2011/07/18/brodmann-areas-%E2%80%93-part-3area-25-the-anterior-cingulate-cortex-%E2%80%93-a-brief-literature-review
REFERENCE FOR ANTERIOR CINGULATE TRACING
Kathy Jones and Jacquie Marietta
Traces are based on:
“Anterior Cingulate Cortex: An MRI-Based Parcellation Method”
Laurie McCormick, et al 2006.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811906005350
The Cingulate Cortex consists of anterior
and posterior cingulate structures.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cingulate_cortex
The following are the Anterior Cingulate structures,
excluding the subgenual, that are traced as one
structure for the ANN.
Blue (Dorsal) Green (Rostral) and Orange (Subcallosal)
The Anterior Cingulate structures traced
as a single structure for the ANN.
Tracing Guidelines
Slicer3
Three sections of the Anterior Cingulate are traced as one
structure for the ANN, Dorsal, Rostral, and Subcallosal.
The Subgenual is traced separately. See slide 14.
1. SLICER3 script:
/IPLlinux/ipldev/sharedopt/20110411/RedHatEnterpriseWorkstation_6.0/Slicer
3-3.6.4-beta-2011-04-12-linux-x86_64/Slicer3 *.nii.gz
.
Tracing Guidelines
Plane guidelines
2. Tracing guide using in the Sagittal Plane:
Always start with Plane C (Dorsal) using the marginal sulcus
as a guide to distinguish the anterior cingulate from the
posterior cingulate. The sagittal view is used to indicate where
to start tracing in the coronal plane.
3. Tracing labels in the Coronal Plane:
Labels are created on every Coronal slice and include all gray matter
regions of the anterior cingulate.
The Marginal Sulcus in the sagittal view is
used to define the endpoint of dorsal cingulate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_sulcus
Tracing Guidelines
Plane definitions
DORSAL (Plane C): Starting point is seen in the sagittal plane as the middle
(highest point) of the first gyrus anterior to the ascending marginal sulcus which
joins the cingulate sulcus and ends 1 slice in front of the slice where the two
sides of the corpus callosum are no longer connected thru the genu.
ROSTRAL (Plane A): Starting point is 1 slice in front of the slice where the
two sides of the corpus callosum are no longer connected thru the genu.
This plane ends when the cingulate ends at most anterior part of brain.
SUBCALLOSAL (Plane B): Starting point is the same as the last slice of the
Dorsal and ends the slice before the putamen appears in the coronal.
Adjacent to this region is the SUBGENUAL.
An example of the Anterior Cingulate in
Brains2 - Plane A, Plane B, and Plane C
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811906005350
Subcallosal Area
http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/nervous/paraterminal-gyrus
Subcallosal Tracing Guidelines
Useful Guidelines: These guidelines are not always
followed depending on the circumstances but are sometimes helpful:
a. Watch the SUBCALLOSAL top border. The SUBCALLOSAL goes
up into the Corpus Collosum a few slices on the top portion while the
lower portion follows the rostral band around.
b. Look for the deepest (darkest) sulci for DORSAL. Usually, but not
always, go with deepest.
c. There is a flowing C shape to the ROSTRAL which you follow around.
If the C shape is broken up etc. it is probably not cingulate tissue.
d. When the Putamen comes in view, stop the SUBCALLOSAL in the
Coronal.
e. In Coronal when the CC breaks and is no longer connected, start
the ROSTRAL.
DORSAL cingulate
in coronal view
Dorsal cingulate
ROSTRAL cingulate
in coronal view
Rostral cingulate
SUBCALLOSAL cingulate
in coronal view
Dorsal cingulate
Subcallosal cingulate
The SUBGENUAL CINGULATE
Subgenual:
The SUBGENUAL area is the lower portion of the SUBCALLOSAL (Area 24) adjacent to
the paraterminal gyrus. This area is considered Brodmann’s Area 25.
http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/1782/2187/1600/medial%20frontal%20fig.jpg
Subgenual in Subcallosal Area Adjacent
to Paraterminal Gyrus
http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/neuroweb/Text/br-800epi.htm
Paraterminal Gyrus is indicate in Green
http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/nervous/paraterminal-gyrus
Location of the Straight Gyrus
http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/caseNA/pb9.htm
SubgenualTracing Guidelines
Trace the subgenual cingulate primarily in the Coronal plane after first using
the Sagittal plane to determine boundaries.
a. SUPERIOR boundary is where GM and WM intersect with the Corpus
Collosum
b. INFERIOR boundary is the tip of the Straight Gyrus on the Coronal plane.
Includes Paraterminal Gyrus tissue.
c. ANTERIOR boundary is where the putamen first comes into view one slice
behind PLANE B at Rostrum of the Corpus Collosum.
d. POSTERIOR boundary is drawn on the Sagittal plane and includes the
Paraterminal Gyrus. This is confirmed on the Coronal plane.
Example of Anterior Cingulate including
Subgenual region in Brains2
Sagittal view of posterior subgenual and
paraterminal gyrus in Slicer – blue outline.
Coronal view of posterior subgenual and
paraterminal gyrus in Slicer – green outline.
Subgenual Tracing Guidelines
Determine the inferior boundaries of the Subgenual tissue using the straight gyrus:
Sagittal view: This mid-sagittal plane is primarily used to determine the boundaries of the
subgenual. The subgenual is located posterior to Subcallosal and anterior to Paraterminal
gyrus. The paraterminal gyrus is also included in this tracing method. (Slide 22)
Coronal view: divide white area between caudate and subgenual and split the difference in
that region between caudate and subgenual tissue. Do not extend the
subgenual/paraterminal tissue tracing below the straight gyrus. (Slide 23)
Axial view: useful to locate the straight gyrus (AXIAL STRAIGHT GYRUS: -16.5 start/-10.5
Stop).
•Straight gyrus first comes into view decide if 2 or 3rd slice from when we first see it.
(Slide 19)
•Guide traces of straight gyrus can be used for help with determining the inferior
boundary BUT DON'T SAVE GUIDE TRACES or they will become part of the subgenual
label!
NOTE: check all views now to trace subgenual as axial will show how far down to come
inferior/coronal shows how far out into white area/sagittal shows if you are down far enough
superior etc.
References
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
a. Traces are based on "Anterior Cingulate Cortex: An MRI-Based Parcellation
Method" Laurie McCormick, et al 2006.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811906005350
b. This is a good web site for learning various sulci:
http://defiant.ssc.uwo.ca/fmri4newbies/primeroncorticalsulci.html#Precentral%20sulcus
c. This is a good web site for learning brain anatomy:
http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~esowell/edevel/MedialLinesProtocol.htm