UNIT #1 – RENAISSANCE - KEY VOCAB
1 – Late Middle Ages
Roman Catholic Church
Indulgences
Purgatory
Simony
Papal Infallibility
Excommunication
Relics
John Wycliffe & the Lollards
Jan Huss
Catherine of Sienna
Little Ice Age & The Great Famine of 1315-1322
Manors, fiefs, vassalage
Incorporated towns, royal charter
Hundred Years War
Joan of Arc
Black Death
Muslim Empire; the Turks
Transubstantiation
2 – Italian Renaissance
Renaissance
Patronage
Black Death
Communes
Popolo
Signori
Oligarchy
Courts
City States (passionate loyalty!)
“The Big Five” - Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples, Papal States
Medici family
Cosimo de Medici
Lorenzo de Medici (the Magnificent)
Svorza Famiy
Italians Wars
3 – Humanism, Education and Politics
Francesco Petrarch
Italian Humanism
Virtu
Renaissance Man
Baldassare Castiglione - Book of the Courtier - 1528
Nicolo Machiavelli - The Prince - 1513
Machiavellian
“the ends justifies the means”
“it’s better to be feared than loved”
Christian Humanism / Northern Humanism
Thomas More
Utopia - 1516
Desiderius Erasmus - The Praise of Folly
Johannes Gutenberg & Printing Press – movable type - 1440
Movable type
1
4 – Renaissance Art
Patronage
Lorenzo Medici (“the Magnificent”)
Pope Julius II
Michelangelo Buonarotti
Florentines
Giotto
Realism
Perspective
Donatello
Brunelleschi
Flemish (Flanders)
Rogier van der Weyden
Jan van Eyck
St. Peter’s Basilica
Pieta
Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Raphael
Titian
Mannerism
Last Judgment Wall (of Sistine Chapel)
Individualism
Single Point Perspective and Leading Lines
Idealism
Chiaroscuro
Leonardo’s drawings and inventions
Pieter Brughel
Fresco
Medium
Tempera (egg tempera on wood)
5 – Spain, France and England (the Northern Monarchies)
Charles VII of France
Louis XI of France (The Spider)
The Empire / The Holy Roman Empire
Golden Bull
Hapsburg
Electors
Wars of the Roses
House of York & House of Lancaster
Henry Tudor / Henry VII
Court of the Star Chamber
Parliament
Aragon and Castile
Ferdinand and Isabella
1492
Granada
Reconquista
Conversos / New Christians
Inquisition
2
6 – German Reformation
effect of Babylonian Captivity and Great Schism
Anticlericalism
Pluralism / Dualism
Absenteeism
Martin Luther
University of Wittenberg
“faith alone, grace alone, Scripture alone” (Justification by faith alone)
Pope Leo X
Indulgence
Purgatory
Albert of Mainz
Johanne Tetzel
“as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs!”
95 Theses on the Power of Indulgences - 1517
Johann Eck
Excommunicated
Clergy and Lay people
Charles V
Diet
Diet of Worms - 1521
“I cannot and will not recant anything. Here I stand. I can do no more.”
Frederick of Saxony
Ulrich Zwingli
Protestant
Priesthood of all believers
Transubstantiation
[Consubstantiation] (look up)
Elector of Saxony [Frederic of Saxony]
Anabaptists, Quakers, Congregationalists
German Peasants’ War of 1525 [Peasant’s Rebellion]
Priesthood of All Believers
3
7a – English Reformation
English Reformation
Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
Henry’s brother Arthur
Papal dispensation
Daughter Mary
Anne Boleyn
Relation to Charles V – relationship to Catherine
Papal jurisdiction
Thomas More
Jane Seymour
Son, Edward
The English Church
[the practices Henry kept]
Thomas Cromwell
Nationalization of the Church
Pilgrimage of Grace
Edward VI
Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
Book of Common Prayer
Mary Tudor [Mary I] “Bloody Mary”
Philip II of Spain
Elizabeth I
Puritans
To not “make windows to men’s souls”
Anglican Church
Mary, Queen of Scots
Flanders
1588
Spanish Armada
Additional words to know for Henry (not in text)
Defense of the Seven Sacraments – 1521
Defender of the Faith – 1523
Reformation Parliament
Act of Supremacy of 1529
Six Articles – 1539
Additional words to know for Elizabeth (not in text)
Act of Supremacy of 1559
Act of Uniformity – 1559
Politique
Jane Grey (Jane of Nine Days)
7b – The Politics of Religion, the Hapsburgs, and Calvinism
Hapsburgs
Charles V
[Swiss] cantons
Zwingli
Imperial Diet in 1530 in Augsburg (Diet of Augsburg – 1530)
Augsburg Confession – 1531
Hapsburg-Valois Wars (1522-1559)
4
Ottoman Turks – 1529 (Vienna)
1546-1555 fighting (religious wars in Germany)
Peace of Augsburg - 1555
Kingdom of Denmark-Norway
Sweden
Calvinism
John Calvin
Geneva
The Institutes of the Christian Religion - 1536
Predestination [no “Free will”]
“elected” (saved) - [the elect]
Genevan Consistory
Mary, Queen of Scots
John Knox
Presbyterian Church of Scotland
Other words to know (not in text)
Schmalkadic League
Edict of Worms - 1521
Peasants Revolt – 1524
Sacraments (from seven to two)
8 – Catholic Counter Reformation
Pope Paul III (1534-1549)
The Holy Office
Index of Prohibited Books
Council of Trent
New orders
Ursuline Order of Nuns
Society of Jesus
Jesuits
Ignatius of Loyola
9 – Religious Violence
Habsburg-Valois Wars
Francis I
Huguenots
Henry II (France)
Catherine de Medici
Iconoclasm
Margaret of Valois
Henry of Navarre (Henry Bourbon / Henry IV)
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre – 1572
Politiques
Henry III (France); Valois
Edict of Nantes – 1598
Low Countries
Duke of Alva
Pacification
Council of Blood
Union of Utrecht
Great European Witch Hunt (1480s-1700s)
5
Other words to know:
Sons of Henry II and Mary de Medici
Francis II (husband to Mary, Queen of Scots)
Charles IX
Guise family
Henry IV - “Paris is well worth a Mass”
Marie de Medici
Spanish Netherlands – 17 provinces; United Provinces
Spanish Fury
Antwerp (associate with the Spanish Fury)
Dutch Rebellion – William of Orange (80 Years War)
William of Orange (William the Silent)
Council of Troubles (Council of Blood)
Pacification of Ghent
The Apology
Dutch Golden Age
Battle of Lepanto – Philip II
Elizabethan England (1558-1603)
Act of Supremacy of 1559 (and Act of Uniformity)
Invincible Armada – 1588
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