9 February 2015
EP-Seminar, CERN
The status of EDM experiments and the
Storage Ring Proton EDM
Yannis Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS at KAIST
Electric dipole moments (EDM) experiments
• Making progress in
• Electron,
• Neutron, &
• Storage ring Proton EDM experiments
South Korea: New Institute with emphasis in basic science, $0.5B/year
http://www.ibs.re.kr/eng.do
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
IBS/CAPP:
Center for Axion and Precision Physics research
Strong CP-Problem
• Axion dark matter search:
• State of the art axion dark matter experiment in
Korea
• Collaborate with ADMX, CAST…
• Proton Electric Dipole Moment Experiment
• Storage ring proton EDM
• Muon g-2, mu2e, etc.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
CAPP Group
http://capp.ibs.re.kr/html/capp_en/
Several more Research Fellows signed up already…
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Physics at the Frontier, pursuing
two approaches:
• Energy Frontier • Precision Frontier
(gμ-2, mw, B, EDM, ν,…)
(LHC,…)
which are complementary and
inter-connected. The next SM
will emerge with input from both
approaches.
Physics reach of magic pEDM (Marciano)
 Currently:   1010 , Sensitivity with pEDM:   0.3 1013
• Sensitivity to new contact interactions: 1000 TeV
• Sensitivity to SUSY-type new Physics:
pEDM  10
24
 1TeV 
e  cm  sin   

 M SUSY 
2
The proton EDM at 10-29e∙cm has a reach of
>300TeV or, if new physics exists at the LHC scale,
<10-7-10-6 rad CP-violating phase; an
unprecedented sensitivity level.
The deuteron EDM sensitivity is similar.
Matter-antimatter asymmetry points
to BSM CP-violation
We see:
nB
» (6.08 ± 0.14 ) ´ 10 -10
ng
From the SM:
nB
= 10 -18
ng
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Cosmological inventory
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Purcell and Ramsey:
“The question of the possible existence of
an electric dipole moment of a nucleus or of
an elementary particle…becomes a purely
experimental matter”
Phys. Rev. 78 (1950)
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Short History of EDM
• 1950’s neutron EDM experiment (Ramsey & Parcel),
looking for parity violation
• After P-violation was discovered it was realized EDMs
require both P & T-violation
• 1960’s EDM searches in atomic systems
• 1970’s Indirect Storage Ring EDM method from the
CERN muon g-2 exp.
• 1980’s Theory studies on systems (molecules) w/
large enhancement factors
• 1990’s First exp. attempts w/ molecules. Dedicated
Storage Ring EDM method developed
• 2000’s Proposal for sensitive Deuteron EDM exp.
• 2010’s Proposal for sensitive Proton EDM exp.
Important Stages in an EDM
Experiment
1. Polarize: state preparation, intensity of beams
2. Interact with an E-field: the higher the better
3. Analyze: high efficiency analyzer
4. Scientific Interpretation of Result! Easier for
the simpler systems
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
EDM methods
• Neutrons: Ultra Cold Neutrons, apply large
E-field and a small B-field. Probe frequency
shift with E-field flip
• Atomic & Molecular Systems: Probe 1st
order Stark effect
• Storage Ring EDM for charged particles:
Utilize large E-field-Spin precesses out of
storage plane (spin vector analysis)
EDM method Advances
• Neutrons: advances in stray B-field effect
reduction
• Atomic & Molecular Systems: high effective
E-field
• Storage Ring EDM for D, P: High intensity
polarized sources well developed; spin
precession techniques in SR well understood
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
EDM method Weaknesses
• Neutrons: Intensity; High sensitivity to stray
B-fields: uniformity and gradients; Motional Bfields and geometrical phases
• Atomic & Molecular Systems: Low intensity of
desired states; in some systems: physics
interpretation
• Storage Ring EDM: some systematic errors
different from g-2 experiment, large structure
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
An electron in an atom…
Schiff Theorem:
A Charged Particle at
Equilibrium Feels no Force…
…An Electron in a Neutral
Atom Feels no Force Either:
…Otherwise it Would be Accelerated…(Note: Schiff actually said something else…)
Measuring an EDM of Neutral Particles
H = -(d E+ μ B) ● I/I
B
E
d
ω1
ω1=
2 B  2dE
B
µ
d
ω2 =
E
ω2
mI = 1/2
ω1
µ
2 B 2dE
(ω -ω )
1
2
d=
4E
ω2
mI = -1/2
d = 10-25 e cm
E = 100 kV/cm

w = 10-4 rad/s
Neutron EDM experimental limits vs. year
Clayton, SNS
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Clayton, SNS
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Applying spin dressing techniques to equalize and further reduce
the stray B-field sensitivity
Clayton, SNS
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Clayton, SNS (Lepton Moments, 2014)
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Schedule
• Feb 2007 Conceptual Design Approved
• 2009 Technical Feasibility, Preliminary Engineering,
Cost and Schedule Baseline Approved
• Aug 2010 DOE CD 2/3a Approval
• Jan 2011 Beneficial Occupancy of FnPB UCN
Building
• Oct 2015 nEDM Project Completed
• 2018
First Published Results @ few ´ 10-27 e•cm
• 2020
nEDM Experiment Completed and Published
@ few ´ 10-28 e•cm
PSI nEDM, P. Schmidt, Lepton Moments, 2014
• The UCN source delivers sufficient
statistics for data taking, potential
improvements are being identified
• The nEDM experiment is taking data,
operational reliability has been improved during
shutdown 2014
• As a test of magnetic field control we have
measured the most precise gyromagnetic ratio
of mercury-199 and neutron.
• We expect with 300 data-days until 2016 a
statistical sensitivity of σ ≲10-26 e⋅cm
How about an electron in an atom…
Schiff Theorem:
A Charged Particle at
Equilibrium Feels no Force…
…An Electron in a Neutral
Atom Feels no Force Either:
…Otherwise it Would be Accelerated…(Note: Schiff actually said something else…)
Schiff Theorem:
A Charged Particle at Equilibrium Feels no Force…
…An electron in a neutral atom feels no force either. However, the
average interaction energy is not zero because the EDM in the lab
frame is velocity dependent
E. Commins et al., Am. J. Phys. 75 (6) 2007
The apparatus and parameter values
• B=22 mG
• V=±10 KV, E=~2 MV/m (height of cell
~1cm)
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
The data
• The drift in frequency is taken out by taking the
frequency difference between the cells.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
• Runs with micro-sparking are taken out.
The results and best limits
• It now dominates the limits on many parameters
• They expect another improvement factor ~3 - 5.
History of 199Hg EDM results
2 sigma upper limit
1.00E-25
1.00E-26
1.00E-27
1.00E-28
Lamoreaux
Jacobs
Klipstein
Fortson
1.00E-29
Griffith
Swallows
Romalis
Loftus
Fortson
Current
sensitivity
1.00E-30
1987
1993 1995
2001
2009
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
2014
ThO EDM: The ACME team
Paul
Hess
Emil
Kirilov
Brendon Ben
O’Leary Spaun
Amar
Vutha
John Doyle
Cris
Panda
Jacob
Baron
Yulia
Gurevich
Nick
Hutzler
Wes
Campbell
Gerald Gabrielse
Elizabeth
Petrik
Adam
West
Ivan
Kozyryev
Max
Parsons
DPD
Amplifying the electric field E with a polar molecule
EextSmall energy splittings
+
Th
in molecules
enable polarization P ~ 100%
Eeff
(Eext ~ 1 V/cm enough for ThO)
O–
Inside molecule, eEDM acted on by
P. Sandars
1965
Eeff ~ P 2Z 3e/a02 due to relativistic motion
D. DeMille, LM 2014
Eeff  80 GV/cm for ThO*
Meyer & Bohn (2008); Skripnikov, Petrov & Titov (2013); Fleig & Nayak (2014)
104(26)
84(13)
Requires unpaired electron spin(s)
75(2)
Systematic Error Budget
de x10-30 e-cm
Statistical error: 37
D. DeMille, LM 2014
• Systematic shifts applied only from
effects observed to move EDM channel
• Applied shift small compared to uncertainties
Many upgrades planned for ACME signal size
• Electrostatic focusing of molecular beam: ~20x (***)
• Stimulated vs. spontaneous state prep:
• Thermochemical beam source
• New fluorescence collection & detectors
~8x (***)
~10-50x (**)
~4-10x (*)
• Cycling fluorescence
~3-10x (*)
• Longer integration time
~10-100x
D. DeMille, LM 2014
(***) = fully characterized in auxiliary tests
(**) = partially characterized
(*) = preliminary observations and/or theory estimates
>300x gain in N appears feasible ultimately
Adam Ritz, LM 2014
Adam Ritz, LM 2014
Adam Ritz, LM 2014
Adam Ritz, LM 2014
Storage Ring Proton EDM
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Storage Ring Electric Dipole Moment
Experiment for the Proton
• Revolution in statistics: 1E11 pol. Protons per 1000 s
• Strong endorsement from P5 under all funding cond.
• Discussion with DOE-HEP office to plan a successful
experiment
 An experiment to probe proton EDM to 10-29ecm
 Most sensitive, flavor-conserving CP-violation
 Complementary to LHC and the neutron EDM; probes New
Physics ~1E3 TeV
 Based on “g-2” experience using the magic momentum
technique with electric fields
Major characteristics of a successful
Electric Dipole Moment Experiment
• Statistical power:
– High intensity beams
– Long beam lifetime
– Long Spin Coherence Time
• An indirect way to cancel B-field effect
• A way to cancel geometric-phase effects
• Control detector systematic errors
Feasibility of an all-electric ring
• First all-electric ring (AGS-analog) proposed/built
1953-57. It worked!
• Two encouraging technical reviews performed at BNL:
Dec. 2009, March 2011.
• Fermilab comprehensive review: Fall 2013.
Val Lebedev considers the concept to be sound.
• Cost (2011, 2012 engineering cost): $70M + tunnel.
Proton storage ring EDM experiment is
combination of beam + a trap
Stored beam: The radial E-field force is
balanced by the centrifugal force.
E
E
E
E
The proton EDM uses an ALL-ELECTRIC ring:
spin is aligned with the momentum vector
at the magic momentum
Momentum
vector
m
p
a
E
Spin vector

wa  0
E
E
E
Feasibility of an all-electric ring
• Two technical reviews have been performed
BNL: Dec 2009, March 2011
at
• Fermilab thorough review. Val Lebedev considers the
concept to be sound.
• First all-electric ring:
–
–
–
–
AGS-analog
Ring radius 4.7m
Proposed-built 1953-57
It worked!
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
The proton EDM ring evaluation
Val Lebedev (Fermilab)
Beam intensity 1011 protons limited by IBS
, kV
The proton EDM ring
Total circumference: 500 m
Straight sections are instrumented
with quads, BPMs, polarimeters,
injection points, etc, as needed.
pEDM polarimeter principle (placed in a straight
section in the ring): probing the proton spin
components as a function of storage time
“defining aperture”
polarimeter target
Micro-Megas detector,
MRPC or Si.
Extraction: lowering the
vertical focusing
LR
H 
LR
carries EDM signal
increases slowly with time
D U
V 
D U
carries in-plane (g-2)
precession signal
International srEDM Network
Common R&D
• srEDM Coll. pEDM
• JEDI (COSY/Jülich)
• Proposal to DOE HEP, NP • Pre-cursor EDM exp.
• SQUID-based BPMs
• B-field
shielding/compensation
• Precision simulation
• Systematic error studies
• E-field tests
• …
• Polarimeter tests
• Spin Coherence Time
tests
• Precision simulation
• Cooling
• E-field tests
• …
What has been accomplished?
Polarimeter systematic errors (with beams at
KVI, and stored beams at COSY).
Precision beam/spin dynamics tracking.
Stable lattice, IBS lifetime: 104 s.
Spin coherence time 103 s; role of sextupoles
understood (using stored beams at COSY).
Feasibility of required electric field strength
5 MV/m, 3cm plate separation (JLab, FNAL)
Analytic estimation of electric fringe fields and
precision beam/spin dynamics tracking. Stable!
(Paper already published or in progress.)
J-Lab E-field work: TiN-coated Aluminum
No measureable field emission at 225 kV for gaps > 40 mm, happy at high gradient
Bare Al
TiN-coated Al
the hard coating covers
defects
Work of Md. A. Mamun and E. Forman
Clock-wise (CW) & Counter-Clock-wise Storage
Any radial magnetic field sensed by the
stored particles will also cause their
Equivalent to p-bar p colliders in
vertical splitting.
feature among
MagneticUnique
rings
EDM experiments…
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Distortion of the closed orbit due
to Nth-harmonic of radial B-field
Clockwise beam
Y(ϑ)
The N=0 component
is a first order effect!
Counter-clockwise
beam
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Time [s]
SQUID gradiometers at KRISS
SQUID gradiometers at KRISS
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
B-field Shielding Requirements
• No need for shielding: In principle, with
counter-rotating beams.
• However: BPMs are located only in straight
sections  sampling finite. The B-field needs to
be less than (10-100nT) everywhere to reduce
its effect. We are building a prototype (Selcuk
Haciomeroglu, CAPP).
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Peter Fierlinger, Garching/Munich
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Technically driven pEDM timeline
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
• Two years system development
• One year final ring design
• Three years beam-line construction and
installation
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
What makes the pEDM experiment
1. Magic momentum (MM): high intensity
charged beam in an all-electric storage ring
2. High analyzing power: A>50% at the MM
3. Weak vertical focusing in an all-electric ring:
SCT allows for 103s beneficial storage;
prospects for much longer SCT with mixing
(cooling and heating)
4. The beam vertical position tells the average
radial B-field; the main systematic error source
5. Geometrical-phase specs: 0.1mm plate
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
alignment.
The Proton EDM experiment status
• Support for the proton EDM:
– CAPP/IBS, KAIST in Korea, R&D support for SQUID-based
BPMs, Prototype polarimeter, Spin Coherence Time (SCT)
simulations.
– COSY/Germany, studies with stored, polarized beams, precursor experiment.
• After the P5 endorsement DOE-HEP requested
a white paper to establish the proton EDM
experimental plan.
• Large ring radius is favored: Lower E-field
strength required, Long SCT, 10-100nT B-field
tolerance in ring. Use of existing ring preferred.
Physics strength comparison
System
Neutron
Current limit Future goal
[ecm]
<1.6×10-26 ~10-28
199Hg
atom <3×10-29
129Xe
atom <6×10-27
Deuteron
nucleus
Proton
nucleus
<7×10-25
(Marciano)
Neutron
equivalent
10-28
10-25-10-26
~10-30-10-33
10-26-10-29
~10-29
3×10-295×10-31
~10-29
10-29
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Sensitivity to Rule on Several New Models
Gray: Neutron
Red: Electron
If found it could explain
Baryogenesis
(p, d, n (or 3He))
n current
e current
n target
p, d target
e target
Upgrade?
Statistics limited
Electron EDM new physics reach: 1-3 TeV
Much higher physics reach
than LHC; complementary
e-cm
J.M.Pendlebury and E.A. Hinds, NIMA 440 (2000) 471
Summary
• EDM experiments are making steady progress
in the electron and neutron EDM sensitivity.
• The storage ring proton EDM has been
developed. The breakthrough? Statistics! Best
sensitivity hadronic EDM method.
• pEDM first goal 10-29 ecm with a final goal 10-30
ecm. Complementary to LHC; probes New
Physics ~103 TeV.
Extra slides
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
srEDM International Collaboration
• COSY:
– Strong collaboration with Jülich/Germany continues
– We’ve been doing Polarimeter Development, Spin
Coherence Time benchmarking, Syst. Errors, Beam/Spin
dynamics simulation, etc. for >5 years w/ stored pol. beams.
• JLAB: breakthrough work on large E-Fields
• KOREA:
– We are forming the EDM group and getting started with
system developments.
• ITALY (Ferrara, Frascati,…)
• TURKEY (ITU,…)
• GREECE (Demokritos, …)
Three PhDs already: KVI, Ferrara, ITU
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
The JEDI experiment status
Helmholtz Foundation evaluation, early 2014.
The pre-cursor experimental program is
approved: Use of the existing COSY ring,
slightly modified to become sensitive to
deuteron EDM (RF-Wien filter).
EDM sensitivity moderate, but significant as first
direct measurement.
Asked to prepare a CDR for a sensitive storage
ring EDM experiment.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Why now?
• Exciting progress in electron EDM using molecules.
• Several neutron EDM experiments under
development to improve their sensitivity level.
• Proton EDM could be decisive to clarify the picture.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Storage ring proton EDM method
• All-electric storage ring. Strong radial E-field to
confine protons with “magic” momentum. The spin
vector is aligned to momentum horizontally.
• High intensity, polarized proton beams are injected
Clockwise and Counter-clockwise with positive and
negative helicities. Great for systematics
• Great statistics: up to ~1011 particles with primary
proton beams and small phase-space parameters.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Large Scale Electrodes, New:
pEDM electrodes with HPWR
Parameter
BNL K-pi
Separators
4.5m
pEDM
Length
Tevatron pbar-p
Separators
2.6m
Gap
5cm
10cm
3cm
Height
0.2m
0.4m
0.2m
Number
24
2
102
Max. HV
180KV
200KV
150KV
3m
The grand issues in the proton
EDM experiment
1. BPM magnetometers (need to demonstrate in
a storage ring environment)
2. Polarimeter development: high efficiency,
small systematic errors
3. Spin Coherence Time (SCT): study at
COSY/simulations; Simulations for an allelectric ring: SCT and systematic error studies
4. Electric field development for large surface
area plates
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
1. Beam Position Monitors
• Technology of choice: Low Tc SQUIDS, signal
at 102-104Hz (10% vertical tune modulation)
• R&D sequence:
1. Operate SQUIDS in a magnetically shielded
area-reproduce current state of art
2. Operate in RHIC at an IP (evaluate noise in an
accelerator environment);
3. Operate in E-field string test
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
2. Polarimeter Development
• Polarimeter tests with runs at KVI & COSY
demonstrated < 1ppm level systematic errors:
N. Brantjes et al., NIM A 664, 49, (2012)
• Technologies under investigation:
1. Micro-Megas/Greece: high rate, pointing
capabilities, part of R&D for ATLAS upgrade
2. MRPC/Italy: high energy resolution, high rate
capability, part of ALICE development
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
3. Spin Coherence Time: need >102 s
• Not all particles have same deviation from
magic momentum, or same horizontal and
vertical divergence (all second order effects)
• They cause a spread in the g-2 frequencies:
 dP 
d wa  a  b  c 

 P 
2
x
2
2
y
• Present design parameters allow for 103 s.
Cooling/mixing during storage could prolong
SCT (upgrade option?).
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
The miracles that make the pEDM
1. Magic momentum (MM): high intensity
charged beam in an all-electric storage ring
2. High analyzing power: A>50% at the MM
3. Weak vertical focusing in an all-electric ring:
SCT allows for 103s beneficial storage;
prospects for much longer SCT with mixing
(cooling and heating)
4. The beam vertical position tells the average
radial B-field; the main systematic error source
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Hadronic EDMs
s ~
LCP  
GG
8
Order of magnitude estimation of the neutron EDM:


mu md
e m*
17
dn   ~ 
~   6 10
e  cm, m* 
mn QCD
mu  md
M. Pospelov,
A. Ritz, Ann. Phys.
318 (2005) 119.
d n    d p    3.6 10  e  cm    2 10
16
Why so small? Axions? CAST, ADMX,…
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
10
Quark EM and Color EDMs
LCP


i

c

   q dq  F  d q  G  5q
2 q
i.e. Deuterons and neutrons are sensitive
to different linear combination of quarks
and chromo-EDMs…
The Deuteron is ~20 times more sensitive…
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
d qqcc
If nEDM is discovered at 10-28 ecm level?
 If  is the source of the EDM, then
dD /dn   1/3  dD  3 10 e  cm
29
 If SUSY is the source of the EDM
(isovector part of T - odd N - forces), then
dD /dn   20  dD  2 10 e  cm
27
The deuteron EDM is complementary to
neutron and in fact has better sensitivity.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Yannis Semertzidis, BNL
Physics Motivation of dEDM
 Currently :   1010, Sensitivity with dEDM
:   1013
• Sensitivity to new contact interaction: 3000 TeV
• Sensitivity to SUSY-type new Physics:
2


1TeV
dEDM  1024 e  cm  sin   

MSUSY 
The Deuteron EDM at 10-29e∙cm has a reach of
~300TeV or, if new physics exists at the LHC
scale, 10-5 rad CP-violating phase. Both are
much beyond the design sensitivity of LHC.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Yannis Semertzidis, BNL
Deuteron EDM
• High sensitivity to non-SM CP-violation
• Negligible SM background
• Physics beyond the SM (e.g. SUSY) expect
CP-violation within reach
• Complementary and better than nEDM
• If observed it will provide a new, large
source of CP-violation that could explain the
Baryon Asymmetry of our Universe (BAU)
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Yannis Semertzidis, BNL
Overview of EDM experiments
1) EDMs with spins: First rate physics
2) It will not be done at LHC. Its physics is
complementary and many times better than
the LHC reach.
3) The next decade promises to be very exciting
4) The experiments are very challenging and lots
of fun
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Tests at COSY ring at Juelich/Germany
Goals: Construct prototype
dEDM polarimeter. Install
in COSY ring for
commissioning, calibration,
and testing for sensitivity to
EDM polarization signal and
systematic errors.
Current location
behind present EDDA
detector.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
3
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Systematic errors
• The systematic error is ~60% of the statistical
error
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
The Permanent EDM of the
Neutron
• A permanent EDM d
d•E
+
s = 1/2
• The current value is < 3 x 10-26 e•cm (90% C.L.)
-28
• Hope to obtain roughly < 2 x 10 e•cm with
UCN in superfluid He
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Deformed nuclei
•
225Ra
•
225Ra
at Argonne National Lab, Roy Holt et al.
(starting tests with Ba) at KVI (The
Netherlands): K. Jungmann, L. Willmann…
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Bounds on CP Violating Parameters
d(199Hg) = (0.49 ± 1.29stat ± 0.76sys ) x 10-29 e cm
| d(199Hg) | < 3.1 x 10-29 e cm (95% CL)
Quark Chromo EDMs
Proton EDM
Semi-Leptonic Interactions:
QCD Phase
Neutron EDM
Electron EDM
Confidence Levels:
199Hg
(95%), 205TI (90%), TIF (95%)
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Summary
Our 2009 Result led to a New Limit on the EDM of 199Hg
| d(199Hg) | < 3.1 x 10-29 e cm (95% CL)
• Factor of 7 Reduction in Previous Upper Limit
• Improved Bounds on CP Violating Parameters
Upgrading the Current Apparatus
• Expect Factor of 5 improvement in Experimental Sensitivity
• Expect to begin data collection later this year
Among his many accomplishments, Norman Ramsey founded the
research field of EDM measurements and developed many of the
techniques needed to do such precise measurements. He will always
be an inspiration to us.
A forecast: electron EDM
e-edm, 10-32
Cornell
2009
Gould
Heinzen
Hinds, 10-29
Shafer-Ray, 10-28
DeMille, few x 10-30
Weiss, 4 x 10-30
DeMille, fewer x 10-28
Hinds, few x 10-28
2007
2006
Present bound:
Tl, 1.6 x 10-27
Solid state
Lamoreaux
Liu
Hunter
Next generation: neutron and deuteron
Talks by Peng,
Karamath
2009
SNS
PSI, 10-27
ILL; few x 10-28
Talk by
Kirch
2006
Present bound:
n, 3 x 10-26
Deuteron
2012-13?
Talks by Onderwater, Orlov
Noise level: 0.9 fT/√Hz
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Vertical tune
modulation frequency: 10 kHz
Peter Fierlinger, Garching/Munich
Issues: demagnetization,
effect of holes, etc.
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Polarimeter design, rates:
 Beam rates ~102 Hz/cm2 on average,
higher at small radius. Design:
~1KHz/pad.
 Store bunches with positive/negative
helicity for pol. syst. errors.
70 cm
The EDM signal: early to late change
• Comparing the (left-right)/(left+right) counts vs.
time we monitor the vertical component of spin
M.C. data
(L-R)/(L+R) vs. Time [s]
Opposite helicity bunches
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
result to opposite sign slopes
Large polarimeter analyzing
power at Pmagic!
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Data: From the June 2008 run
at COSY
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST
Our proton EDM plan
• Develop the following systems (funded by
IBS/Korea, COSY/Germany, applying for NSF
support, and DOE-HEP/NP):
– SQUID-based BPM prototype, includes B-field shielding
(UMass, CAPP/Korea, BNL,…)
– Polarimeter development (Ind. Univ., CAPP, COSY,…)
– Electric field prototype (Old Dom. Un. (NSF), JLab,…)
– Study of systematic errors (BNL, FNAL, Cornell,…)
– Precision beam and spin dynamics simulation (BNL, CAPP,
Cornell, COSY,…)
– Lattice optimization, beam diagnostics (MSU (NSF),…)
Y. Semertzidis, CAPP/IBS, KAIST