PLANNING THE
ENTERPRISE
DATABASE
Chandra S. Amaravadi
IN THIS PRESENTATION..
Introduction
Enterprise Analysis Methodology
Enterprise Data Model
Planning process
Resource requirements
THE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
The database development cycle starts with planning:
Planning
Analysis (Requirements definition)
Design (Logical & Physical)
Implementation
Maintenance
INTRODUCTION
PLANNING IN GENERAL
What are some situations that require
planning?
What happens if you don’t plan?
What information do you need to know in order to build
a library?
WITHOUT ADEQUATE PLANNING
Problems caused by inadequate planning:
Inaccurate estimation of resources
Project cannot be completed on schedule
Schedule changes
Organizational changes impact planning
Rework
Project may be halted
DATABASE PLANNING
ABOUT DATABASE PLANNING
Database planning is carried out before the rest of the
development cycle, to get an overview of the data, scope
of the project and resource requirements.
Typical issues addressed are:
What areas of the organization?
How large will the database be?
How many analysts will it require?
What are the HW/SW needs?
ENTERPRISE PLANNING
METHODOLOGY
(also called Business Systems Planning)
ENTERPRISE PLANNING METHODOLOGY
A method of planning that covers the entire organization.
philosophy: processes easier to identify than data
study processes and then data (information classes)
map processes with data (EA matrix)
develop Enterprise Data Model (EDM)
develop a preliminary idea of requirements
An information class is a collection of information/data
NOTION OF A BUSINESS PROCESS
Examples of business processes are:
Registration
Order raw materials
Production planning
job set up
A process is a group of related activities
PROCESSES ARE PART OF FUNCTIONS
Function: a broad grouping of related processes
Process: a broad grouping of related activities
Activity: a step in a process; an individual action
Function
Process1
Activity1
Activity2
Process2
Activity3
Process3
FUNCTIONS PROCESSES & ACTIVITIES
PRODUCTION
?
?
?
?
?
?
ACTIVITY—DATA RELATIONSHIP
FN./PROCESS/ACTIVITY CAN
Create data (C)
Update/Use data (U)
Delete data (D)
WHAT DATA DO THESE CREATE/UPDATE?
Registration
Order raw materials
Maintaining an equipment
Quality control
AN ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS MATRIX
Info. classes
Emp.
list
Processes
Producti Raw
on plan Matls.
list
production planning
C
U
order raw matls.
m/c set up
quality control
Quality
specs
U
U
U
CREATING AN EA MATRIX
draw a table with a large top row and as many rows as
there are processes. Create columns in the table.
used to list information classes (see below)
identify all processes
list all processes in the first column, rowwise (skip
heading row)
identify all information classes
E.g. course schedule, student
list them in the heading row, after the first column
Whenever a process uses an information class use “C”
or “U” to denote creates and uses.
FOR DISCUSSION
Create an Enterprise Analysis matrix for a university
ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL
(also called Planning Model)
ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(EDM)
An Enterprise Data Model (EDM) is a preliminary data
model created during planning to understand ??? needs.
ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL..
Depicts eclasses & relationships
[Name written on relationship]
Does not show ???
Use only horizontal and vertical lines
A
B
1:1
A
B
1:M
A
B
M:N
DEVELOPING AN EDM
has
PRODUCT
PLANT
PRODUCT
WARRANTY
has
has
*Assume a complex product
SHIFTS
DEFECTS
ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(EDM)
LEASE
BUILDING
Leased to
Signed by
TENANT
Has an
OWNER
Associated with
PARCEL
FOR DISCUSSION
Draw an Enterprise Data model for a university
THE PLANNING PROCESS
PLANNING PRE-REQUISITES
Requirements to be fulfilled before planning starts:
1. Top management commitment
green signal
public acknowledgement
2. Project team
team co-ordinators
database analysts
THE PLANNING META MODEL..
Organization
descr. of information
gathered during planning.
Functions
CSFs
Processes
E class
Application
CSF: Critical Success Factor; a business variable that is very important to success
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS
Factors critical to success of organization
Key resources – e.g. specialists
Key processes – e.g. patient care
Key activities – e.g. MRI
PLANNING STEPS
1. Identify organizational background
e.g. functions, processes, strategies, # of employees
2. Identify information used/created by functions/processes
3. Develop planning matrices
e.g. function vs CSF, process vs eclass etc.
4. Develop Enterprise Data Model
5.Define scope of the development, project teams.
6. Develop planning report
ELEMENTS OF A DATABASE PLAN
(REPORT)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Exec Summary
Organizational background
Enterprise Analysis results/Data Models
Hardware/Software recommendations
Implementation plan
PLANNING OUTCOMES
Outcomes of database planning are:
Understanding of the organization’s requirements.
Planning matrices
Preliminary data model (Enterprise model)
Project planning
scope, priorities, team assignment
Resource requirements for database development
hardware, software, personnel
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RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
AND PITFALLS
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR
ENTERPRISE PLANNING
FROM A STUDY OF NINE ORGANIZATIONS:
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Cost from $450,000 - $2 m
Team size 10-15
Duration 31/2 months - one year
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PLANNING PITFALLS
Planning fails because:
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

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insufficient management support
organizational direction not clearly known
strategic IS plan not available or up-to-date
lack of co-ordination among planning sub-units
DISCUSSION
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What stage in the development process is planning carried out?
What do we accomplish in database planning?
What would be the essential elements of a database plan?
Why do we need to study org. functions?
What does the Enterprise Data Model show?
What are CSFs, apart from expansion of definition?
How can we identify critical processes?
How can we prioritize database development?
What are the common causes of failure in the
planning process?
THAT’S ALL FOLKS!