Global Nationalism
Nationalism:
a feeling of strong devotion to one’s
country. Usually people who share a common
language and heritage. The belief that your nation can
do no wrong
French Revolution
• The French
Revolution inspired a
strong sense of
national unity in
France
• This helped to spread
the ideas of the
French Revolution
Napoleon
• Napoleon also
inspired nationalism
among the nations
that he conquered
• However these
nationalistic feelings
inspired conquered
peoples to rise up
against Napoleon and
his French army
Nationalism Across Europe
• After the French
Revolution,
nationalism led to
upheavals in Europe
and elsewhere
• These movements for
change/revolutions
took place in: Greece,
Poland, Belgium,
Austria, Italy and
Germany
Revolutions in Europe
Nationalism in Greece
• In 1821 Greece
revolted against the
Ottoman Empire
Greece received
support from Britain,
France and Russia
because of their
Christian background
• By 1830 Greece was
independent
Nationalism in Poland
Nationalists in Poland
revolted in 1830
against Russia
However Poland did not
receive much support
and their revolution
was crushed by
Russian troops why?
Nationalism in Latin America
• In Latin America
revolutions helped
colonies shed Spanish
and French control
• Feelings of nationalism
helped these countries
rise up against their
mother country
• These colonies became
independent nations
The Unification of Italy
• Since the fall of the
Roman Empire Italy
had been divided into
many small states
• Many Italians wished
to see Italy united
again
Roman Empire
Italy after the Fall of the Roman
Empire
•
•
•
•
Decentralized under
Autonomous city-states,
Papal states or Austrian
Empire
Europe
Unification of Italy
• Three great leaders of
Italian unification
emerged: Giuseppe
Mazzini, Count
Camillo Cavour and
Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Each helped to unify
Italy into the country
that it is today
Nationalism in Italy
• Giuseppe Mazzini
formed the Young
Italy national
movement in 1831
• He was exiled for his
views
• Mazzini was
instrumental in being
the "soul" of Italian
nationalism.
Nationalism in Italy
• Cavour (shown here)
was the "brain" in his
role as a skilled
diplomat.
• Cavour successfully
received aid from
France in a war against
the Austrians and
eventually put Victor
Emmanuel II on the
throne of a completely
united Italian nationstate in 1861.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Garibaldi was
considered to be the
"sword" of Italian
nationalism.
• His band of Red Shirts
conquered forces
opposed to unification
and forced southern
Italy into a cohesive
political unit.
A United Italy
• By 1870, Italy was a
united country again
• The country faced
many problems:
• 1.) The urban north
quarreled with the
rural south
• 2.) The Catholic
Church argued with
the government
German Unification
• In the early 1800s,
most German people
lived in small states,
not a united country
• During Napoleon’s
conquests, feelings of
nationalism were
increased
• Many people wished
to see a united
Germany
German Unification
• Prussia was the most
powerful of the
German states
• IN 1862, Otto von
Bismark was
appointed chancellor
of Prussia
Germany Before Unification
Otto von Bismark
• Throughout the 1860s
Bismark became a
strong and practical
leader
• He wanted the
Prussian king to be
the leader of a strong
and united Germany
“Blood and Iron”
• Bismark believed that
the only way to unify
Germany was through
a policy known as
“blood and iron”
• He had no faith in
speeches and
diplomacy
• Only war
German Unification
• In seven years, Bismark
led Prussia into three
wars
• Each war increased
Prussia’s prestige and
moved the German states
closer to unification
• Danish War: versus Denmark
• Austro-Prussian War: versus
Austria
• Franco-Prussian War: versus
France
Germany United
• IN 1871, the German
states united under
the Prussian king,
William I
• He called himself the
kaiser
• Kaiser comes from
Caesar and means
emperor
Zionism
• As nationalism grew in
Europe it led to an
increase in anti-Semitism
• As people became more
patriotic about their
country, they also
became more intolerant
of those whom they saw
as outsiders, including
Jews
Zionism
• As anti-Semitism
grew, many Jews fled
to Palestine, the
ancient Jewish
homeland in the
Middle East
• There they built
homes and organized
communities
Zionism
Zionism
• A Jewish journalist
named Theodor Herzl
became alarmed by
the anti-Semitism in
Europe
• In 1896, he called for
Jews to build their
own country, this is
known as Zionism
Zionism
• “Dreyfuss
• Affair”
Vs Pan Arab
nationalism
Nationalism in the Balkans
• Nationalism was a
source of conflict in
the Balkan peninsula
of southeastern
Europe
• There were many
ethnic groups that
were controlled by the
Ottoman Empire
Nationalism in the Balkans
Nationalism in the Balkans
• Many nationalist
groups rebelled
against the Ottoman
Empire and won their
independence
• This included:
Greece, Montenegro,
Serbia, Romania, and
Bulgaria
Nationalism in the Balkans
• The Ottoman Empire
became known as the
“sick man of Europe”
because of the land
that was lost
• The empire slowly
lost more and more
territory
Nationalism:Reaction to
Imperialism
• Chinese Nationalist revolution:
Led by Dr. SunYat Sen against
Quing Dynasty
• Mahdi Movement- Sudanese
Islamist against British
• Pan Arab movement against
Ottoman Rule
• Pan Slav Movement against
Ottoman Rule
• Philipine Nationalist led by
Emilio Aquinaldo against
American forces
• Indian Nationalist Movement
against British Raj-establish
Indian National Congress and
self-rule movement
• Japanese Natioanlism under
Mejii restoration
• Russian Nationalism and
Tsarist “Russification” process