Blood Group Test
Dr Mohammed Merza
Hawler Medical University
College of Pharmacy
Clinical Analysis Department
mohammed.merza@pha.hmu.edu.iq
The ABO Blood Group System
•Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B
antibody in the plasma).
•Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A
antibody in the plasma)
•Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but
neither A nor B antibody in the plasma)
•Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells
(but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)
ABO system
ABO system
RBC sometimes have another antigen, a protein known
as the rhesus (RhD) antigen. If this is present, then
blood group is RhD positive. If it's absent, then blood
group is RhD negative.
•A RhD positive (A+)
•A RhD negative (A-)
•B RhD positive (B+)
•B RhD negative (B-)
•O RhD positive (O+)
•O RhD negative (O-)
•AB RhD positive (AB+)
•AB RhD negative (AB-)
ABO system
There are very specific ways in which blood
types must be matched for a safe transfusion
Antibodies
Can give
blood to
Can
receive
blood from
A and B
None
AB
AB, A, B, 0
A
A
B
A and AB
A and 0
B
B
A
B and AB
B and 0
0
None
A and B
AB, A, B, 0
Blood
Group
Antigens
AB
0 only
ABO system
When is it ordered?
ABO grouping and Rh typing are performed on all donated blood.
They are also performed when people require blood transfusion or conditions or situations that
may warrant a transfusion include:
•
•
•
•
Severe anemia and conditions causing anemia such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia
Bleeding during or after surgery
Injury or trauma
Excessive blood loss
The End
H.W.
RhD antigen
(
)
Sensitisation
Rhesus disease
Anti-D immunoglobulin
The anti-D immunoglobulin neutralises any RhD positive antigens that may have entered the
mother’s blood during pregnancy. If the antigens have been neutralised, the mother’s blood won't
produce antibodies.