Tests back
Chapter 11
No
Distance
Short
Distance
Long
Distance
1. Messenger
2. Receptor
3. Transduction
4. Secondary Messengers
5. Cell Targets
Signal Transduction Pathway
Signal Disruption Pathways
Disruptions
Poison
Diabetes
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Cell division- reproduction of cells
Cell cycle- life of cell
Chromosomes- DNA in packed structures
Chromatin- DNA and proteins
Somatic cells- # of chromosomes per body cell (all
except reproductive)
• Gametes- reproductive cells (half of the somatic #)
• Sister Chromatids- duplicated chromosome joined by
centromere
• Mitosis- division of genetic material
• Cytokinesis- division of cytoplasm
• Animals – cleavage furrow
• Plants – Cell plate
• Binary Fission- Division in half (prokaryotes)
• Origin of Replication
• Cell cycle is regulated by internal and external signals
• Checkpoint- control point where stop and go signals
occur
• G1
•S
• G2
• G0
• Protein kinases are enzymes that activate or inactivate
proteins by phosphorylating them
• To be activated the kinase must be attached to a
cyclin
• Because these kinases are dependent upon attachment
of cyclin they are known as cyclin-dependent kinases
or Cdks.
• Cells respond to
• “maturation-promoting factors” this is what triggers
the cell’s passage past each checkpoint
• Growth hormone
• Density-dependent inhibition-
Uncontrolled cell growth-