Chapter 11, 12, 13 - ReicheltScience.com

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Chapter 11
No
Distance
Short
Distance
Long
Distance
1. Messenger
2. Receptor
3. Transduction
4. Secondary Messengers
5. Cell Targets
Signal Transduction Pathway
Signal Disruption Pathways
Disruptions
Poison
Diabetes
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Cell division- reproduction of cells
Cell cycle- life of cell
Chromosomes- DNA in packed structures
Chromatin- DNA and proteins
Somatic cells- # of chromosomes per body cell (all
except reproductive)
• Gametes- reproductive cells (half of the somatic #)
• Sister Chromatids- duplicated chromosome joined by
centromere
• Mitosis- division of genetic material
• Cytokinesis- division of cytoplasm
• Animals – cleavage furrow
• Plants – Cell plate
• Binary Fission- Division in half (prokaryotes)
• Origin of Replication
• Cell cycle is regulated by internal and external signals
• Checkpoint- control point where stop and go signals
occur
• G1
•S
• G2
• G0
• Protein kinases are enzymes that activate or inactivate
proteins by phosphorylating them
• To be activated the kinase must be attached to a
cyclin
• Because these kinases are dependent upon attachment
of cyclin they are known as cyclin-dependent kinases
or Cdks.
• Cells respond to
• “maturation-promoting factors” this is what triggers
the cell’s passage past each checkpoint
• Growth hormone
• Density-dependent inhibition-
Uncontrolled cell growth-
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