Anatomy and Physiology of
Human Movement
420:050

 Bones, bony landmarks and joints
 Muscles
 Movements

 The scapula and clavicle
 Two joints
 Functions
 Dynamic stability
 Increased ROM

From Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P; anatomy and physiology , ed 7, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill

From Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P; anatomy and physiology , ed 7, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill

 Shoulder girdle (scapulothoracic)


Scapula moves on the rib cage
Joint motion occurs at sternoclavicular joint & to a lesser amount at the acromioclavicular joint

 Sternoclavicular (SC)
 (Multiaxial) arthrodial/gliding classification
 Movements


Anteriorly with protraction
Posteriorly with retraction


Superiorly with elevation
Inferiorly with depression

 Acromioclavicular (AC)
 Arthrodial/gliding classification
 Movements
 Some gliding & rotational motion accompanying other shoulder girdle & shoulder joint motions
 Often injured

 Bones, bony landmarks and joints
 Muscles
 Movements

 Five muscles primarily involved in shoulder girdle movements


All originate on axial skeleton & insert on scapula and/or clavicle
Do not attach to humerus & do not cause shoulder joint actions
 Functions:


Stability
ROM of shoulder joint

 Five muscles primarily involved in shoulder girdle movements
 Trapezius - upper, middle, lower




Rhomboid - deep
Levator scapula
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor - deep

 Bones, bony landmarks and joints
 Muscles
 Movements

 Focus on specific bony landmarks


 inferior angle glenoid fossa acromion process
 Shoulder girdle movements = scapula movements

 Elevation
 upward or superior movement, as in shrugging shoulders
 Depression
 downward or inferior movement, as in returning to normal position

 Abduction (protraction)
 scapula moves laterally away from spinal column
 Adduction (retraction)
 scapula moves medially toward spinal column

 Upward rotation
 turning glenoid fossa upward
& moving inferior angle superolaterally away from spinal column
 Downward rotation
 returning inferior angle inferomedially toward spinal column & glenoid fossa to normal position

Adduction
Elevation
Abduction
Depression

 Anterior tilt (upward tilt)


Rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis
Occurs during glenohumeral hyperextension
 Posterior tilt (downward tilt)


Rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis
Occurs during glenohumeral hyperflexion



Lateral tilt (outward tilt)


Rotational movement about its vertical axis
Occurs during protraction
Medial tilt (return from lateral tilt, inward tilt)
 Rotational movement about its vertical axis
 Occurs during retraction

 Shoulder joint & shoulder girdle work together
 Shoulder girdle movement independent
 Upward/downward rotation?
 Shoulder girdle muscles


Stabilize scapula
Enhance ROM of shoulder joint

 Proximal attachment:
Above or below scapula/clavicle?
 How many muscles fit this criteria?
 Upper fibers trapezius



Middle fibers trapezius
Rhomboids
Levator Scapulae

 Proximal attachment:
Above or below scapula/clavicle?
 How many muscles fit this criteria?
 Lower fibers trapezius


Pectoralis minor
Subclavius

 Proximal attachment: In front (ribs) or behind
(spine)?
 How many muscles fit this criteria?
 Trapezius (all fibers)


Rhomboids
Levator scapulae

 Proximal attachment: In front (ribs) or behind
(spine)?
 How many muscles fit this criteria?
 Serratus anterior
 Pectoralis minor

 Upward or downward torque?
 How many muscles fit this criteria?


Trapezius (all fibers)
Serratus anterior

 Upward or downward torque?
 How many muscles fit this criteria?


Pectoralis minor
Rhomboids