PTHY 6401 Kinesiology I
Unit Objectives & Exam II Study Guide, Spring 2015
Shoulder Girdle
Info: Exam will be 50-60 questions, all bubble sheet (scantron). NO calculator needed.
Focused reading should be Neumann chapter 5; this includes comprehending the figures, illustrations, tables, and
special focus sections.
1. List the abbreviations/symbols & their meanings from the Kinesiology Abbreviation List (from Unit 1 material).
2. Explain the MMT Grading Scale; both word and number scale (Reese MMT, from Unit 1 material)
3. Describe the landmarks used for performing shoulder girdle goniometry & MLT (Reese & Bandy)
4. Describe Normal/Average ROM (in degrees) for the goniometric AROM measures at the shoulder.
5. Explain the procedures for performing scapular & shoulder MMT; ie. patient position, match muscles with
movements, where to apply resistance, etc..
6. Describe the anatomy / location of the shoulder girdle structures listed on the palpation section of the lab handout.
Know the approach you take to these structures (ie. pt position, process for finding difficult structures)
7. Describe the plane of the scapula and the angle of inclination and angle of torsion at the humerus.
8. Describe the ligaments that support the SC, AC, GH joints.
9. What is the glenoid labrum and what purpose does it serve?
10. Describe the contents of the subacromial space; including what composes the roof and floor. How do we typically
avoid or reduce the compressive forces occurring in the subacromial space during overhead movements such as
abduction or scaption?
11. Describe the location and function of the subacromial & subdeltoid bursae.
12. Name and classify each joint of the shoulder girdle; know the osteokinematic movements attributed to the
glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic articulations. Describe the osteokinematic
movement called Scaption.
13. Explain the application of Convex-Concave Rule to the glenohumeral and sternoclavicular articulations AND APPLY
the rules to describe the association between an osteokinematic and arthrokinematic movement at the
glenohumeral joint only. Example: As the humerus abducts on the scapula, which way does the humeral head roll
and slide? Answer: rolls superiorly, slides inferiorly. What about the arthrokinematics of internal and external
rotation (with the arm held at the side)? Place emphasis on class notes if Neumann Ch5 offers a different opinion.
14. Explain the specific concentric action(s) and innervation (nerve supply) of the muscles of the shoulder girdle. Also,
understand how each muscle would function eccentrically.
15. For the scapular muscles, analyze which muscles would have to be stabilizing the scapula so that muscles like rotator
cuff, deltoid, biceps/triceps can cause osteokinematic movement of the humerus. Also, conceptualize how the
shoulder girdle muscles function together as force couples (know several examples of force couples at the shoulder
girdle)
16. Explain does the rotator cuff function as a dynamic stabilizer?
17. Explain the static and dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint; what factors and structures play a part in these
functions?
18. Explain the contribution of the glenohumeral joint and the scapula/clavicle in the performance of abduction (ie.
scapulohumeral motion/rhythm).
19. Read all of the Special Focus sections in Neumann chapter 5 and be prepared to answer questions from the content
of those sections (concepts may overlap with other items on this review sheet). Synthesize the main ideas. The Clinical
Connection 5-1 is really great info but is optional for purposes of the exam.
20. Neumann Ch 5, Figure 5-56, pg 162: Know the order (ascending & descending) of torque output for the shoulder
muscle groups. Knowledge of specific torque numbers not required.
21. Be able to briefly define/describe each of these abnormalities: scapular dyskinesis, subacromial impingement,
shoulder dislocation, shoulder separation, shoulder subluxation vs dislocation, and thoracic outlet syndrome.
22. Movement Analysis: Analyze scapular & shoulder osteokinematics AND muscles contracting during the performance
of common UE movements/exercises (either against gravity or against the pull of an elastic band); describe the
muscle activity occurring and describe the muscle contractions as either isometric, concentric, or eccentric
(concentrating on prime movers, not synergists).