WORLD WAR I
THE ROAD TO WAR
Warm Up China and Japan
1. Why did the British start trading Opium in
the first place?
2. What was the Tai Ping Rebellion’s purpose?
3. Explain the Sino-Japanese War:
4. Define Open Door Policy:
5. What group wanted to bring back glory to
China?
JAPAN
1. Define Indemnity
2. Who opened Japan for trade?
3. Emporer Meji means what?
Warm Up WWI pg. 1-2
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MAIN causes of WWI
Assassination of _________ started WWI?
Define Ultimatum:
process of assembling troops and supplies
and making them ready for war
5. Who creates a plan for attacking France?
6. Why does it not work?
7. Explain trenches:
Warm Up International Rivalries
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Who is in the Triple Alliance?
Who is in the Triple Entente?
Who is the leader of Germany during this time?
Explain the Moroccan crises?
Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece declare war
on____________________
MAIN causes of WWI
Assassination of _________ started WWI?
Why was he assassinated?
What group assassinated the archduke?
The Road to War: Four M.A.I.N. Causes
• Militarism
– Massive build up of arms leads to an arms
race
• New weapons and large standing armies to
display their might
– Great Britain vs. Germany in a naval race
• Traditional British policy is to have their
fleet, which is vital to guarding their
shipping lanes, to be larger than the
combined fleets of any two rival nations
• Wilhelm II initiates a large build up of
Germany’s navy
– War as a unifying force
• Alliances
– Divides Europe into rival camps
• Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
– Turns a conflict between two nations into a
global war
• Imperialism
– Rush for colonies leads to rivalries
• Clashes over territory and competition for
resources and markets
– Germany comes late to the game and wants
colonies, even going so far as trying to take
Morocco from France
• Rest of Europe, particularly Britain,
supports France and makes Germany back
down
• Nationalism
– Pride in one’s country – each nation thinks
they are the best
• Best and largest armies, most colonies
• Want to prove they are the best through
war
– Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary fails to
appease separatist movements
– Serbia wants Bosnia to be independent and
is angry with Austria-Hungary
– France is still angry over the Franco-Prussian
War
• They want revenge and Alsace-Lorraine
back
• a territorial entity created by the German Empire in 1871
after the annexation of most of Alsace and parts of
Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War.
• The immediate cause: the assassination of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
– Franz Ferdinand, heir to the AustroHungarian throne, is visiting Sarajevo (capital
of Bosnia) with his pregnant wife Sophia
– June 28, 1914 – a bomb is thrown in the
Archduke’s car, but the attempt fails
• The car speeds away and makes a
wrong turn, which allows Gavrilo
Princip to shoot and kill both the
Archduke and his wife
• Princip was a member of the Black
Hand, a secret Serb nationalist group
– Princip is arrested and identified as a Serb
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCTIaiiGB
4o
War Begins
• Austria is furious and wants to attack Serbia,
but fears Russia will interfere on Serbia’s behalf
– Turns to ally Germany, who issues a “blank
check”, stating that Austria can rely on
German support no matter what
– Austria issues an ultimatum to Serbia on July
25
• Ultimatum = a list of demands
• Some of the demands are humiliating
and outrageous, so Serbia rejects some
of the demands
• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia on
July 28
– The same day Czar Nicholas II orders the
mobilization of the Russian army against
Austria-Hungary
• Mobilization = process of assembling
troops and supplies and making them
ready for war
• In 1914 mobilization is considered an act
of war
– Some of the mobilization took place along
the German border and Germany declares
war on Russia on August 1st
• due to its war plan, Germany then declares
war on France on August 3rd
–Plan calls for invading France by going
through neutral Belgium
• Issues an ultimatum to Belgium
demanding the right for German troops to
pass through Belgian territory
– On August 4th Germany invades Belgium and
Great Britain declares war on Germany for
violating Belgian neutrality
• Now most European powers are involved
– Will be a war of attrition = wearing down of
the enemy’s resources and morale
• World War I, or the Great War, has begun
– Germany and Austria-Hungary become
known as the Central Powers
– France, Great Britain, Russia, Belgium, and
Serbia become the Allied Powers
The Schlieffen Plan
• The Schlieffen Plan is the German war plan
based on a two front war against France and
Russia
• The Schlieffen Plan:
– Send 90% of army against France
– Send 10% of army against Russia
– Need a quick victory against France so they
can turn entire army against slower
mobilizing Russia
• Why Implemented:
– Thought Russia would take a long time to
mobilize
– France had built fortresses along the
French-German border – must go through
Belgium
– Need a quick win – speed is essential
• Why fails:
– Belgium resists and Great Britain enters the
war
– Russia mobilizes faster than expected and
invades eastern Germany
– Germany has to move troops from France to
protect the German border against Russia
– French victory at the Battle of the Marne
• Plan 17 – the military plan of France
– Straight drive from Paris to Berlin
Early Battles
• At the start of the war, a series of clashes
between German troops against French and
British was known as the Battle of the Frontiers
– Resulted in German victories
– The Schlieffen Plan calls for German troops
to sweep around Paris and surround most of
the French army
– Almost succeed: are 30 miles from Paris by
Sept. 1st
• First Battle of the Marne
– German army makes some mistakes, officer
makes a wrong turn
– Ends in a German defeat and the Allies push
Germany back
• Leads to a stalemate and both sides dig
trenches for protection and shelter
Order of Entry in World War I
1. First nation in the war after its heir was assassinated:
2. This nation was the second one in the war after members
of a terrorist group assassinated the heir to the first nation:
3. AS a result of the above, this third nation entered the war
to protect the second nation:
4. Because the third nation mobilized near its borders, this
fourth nation entered the war:
5. Due to its plan of attack consisting of a two front war, the
fourth nation declared war on this fifth nation:
6. This sixth nation was invaded to get to the fifth nation:
7. The invasion of the sixth nation brought this seventh
nation into the war: