PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS
SEC. 21-3 PAGES 620-624
• Define: trustbuster – arbitration – Square Deal –
conservation – New Freedom
• Identify: Teddy Roosevelt – Northern Securities –
United Mine Workers Strike of Pa (1902) –
Gifford Pinchot – William Howard Taft –
Woodrow Wilson – Federal Reserve Act –
Federal Trade Commission – Clayton Antitrust Act
THEODORE
ROOSEVELT
• Former NY Assemblyman, governor,
Asst. Sec. of Navy- hero Span. Amer. war
• Vice Presidential candidate in election
1900 – William McKinley- President
• 1901- McKinley assassinated –
• TR becomes youngest president - brings
progressive ideas to White House.
• Favored big business, but supported
regulations and progressive reform ideas.
• Northern Securities – RR monopoly of rail
service from Chicago to Pacific – owners
J. P. Morgan and James Hill – violated
Sherman Antitrust Act – Supreme Court
decided it illegally limited trade – broke
up trust – gov’t won case
• “Trustbuster” – nickname – break up bad
trusts – good trusts may keep operating
PA. COAL STRIKE
• 1902 – United Mine Workers – demanded pay –
8 hr workday – recognize Union – winter
approaching – people favored workers’ demands
- owners refused to negotiate
• TR angry – threatened to send in federal troops
to work in mines – produce coal – owners
agreed to arbitrate (settle dispute by accepting
decision of impartial outsider).
• Broke tradition of presidents using federal
troops to side with owners and break up strike.
SUMMARIZE
• Who were the President and Vice President in
election of 1900?
• How did T. Roosevelt become president?
• What was the name of the railroad monopoly
from Chicago to Pacific that Pres. Roosevelt
went after?
• What nickname did he get from this incident?
• What vocab term means to settle dispute by
accepting outside impartial decision?
TR’S SQUARE DEAL
• Election 1904 – Promised “Square Deal” – fair equal
treatment for all people
• Meat Inspection Act - Dept. of Agriculture inspects
food -plants
• Pure Food & Drug Act - Food & Drug Admin. –
correct labeling of ingredients –
• Conservation – protection and preservation of
natural resources
• U.S. Forest Service – established national parks –
set aside forest areas ( 150 million acres)
(3 times more than any other president) –
appointed Chief - Gifford Pinchot (Pa)
SUMMARIZE
• What was Pres. Roosevelt’s campaign
promise in 1904 to provide equal treatment
for all people?
• What two laws were passed to improve what
people put in their bodies?
• What vocab word means to protect or
preserve the natural resources.
• Who did Pres. Roosevelt appoint as Chief of
the US Forest Service?
• Ohio lawyer, judge, governor of
Philippines, Sec. of War under TR
• TR wanted him to continue his
progressive programs
• Won election of 1908 over Dem. Wm.
Jennings Bryan.
• Ordered Justice Dept. to take legal action
against certain trusts
• Won more antitrust cases in 4 years than
TR won in 7
• Introduced safety standards for mines
and railroads – expanded more land for
national forests – strengthened ICC to
regulate telegraph, phone
communications
• Supported the 16th Amendment (1913) –
Graduated income tax
• Gained 8 hr. day on federal projects
• Only President to become Sup. Court
Chief Justice (1921-1930)
WILLIAM H.TAFT
TAFT’S PROBLEMS
• Pinchot Ballinger Affair
Pinchot accused Sec. of Interior Richard Ballinger
of allowing private interests to exploit coal – timber
for personal profit. Ballinger removed 1 million
acres of forest and mineral land from reserved list.
• Taft supported Ballinger – dismissed (fired)
Pinchot.
• T. Roosevelt angry – decided to run again for
President in 1912 - caused split in Republican party.
• Standard Oil v US – Charged with violation of
Sherman Antitrust Act – suit became an affair of
personal honor
• Dismantled Standard Oil and American Tobacco Co.
• Failed to fight to lower tariffs
SUMMARIZE
List several jobs Taft had before becoming
president.
Why did Pres. Roosevelt support him?
Who won more cases as a trust buster?
What areas did Pres. Taft improve?
Which amendment was passed under Taft?
What did it do?
What incident caused a disagreement between
Taft and Roosevelt?
What monopoly company did Taft break up?
Election 1912
• Dem. – Woodrow Wilson –NJ Gov.
***wins due to Republicans split
• Rep. – Wm. H. Taft
• Progressive – Teddy Roosevelt “strong as a bull moose” –
(Later called Bull Moose Party)
• Wilson’s term “ New Freedom”
• Believed gov’t must break up big
business if it is destroying
competition for small businesses
• Adopted lower tariffs on sugar,
wool, steel, farm equipment.
• Set up regulatory commissions –
group whose responsibility is to
see that a company complies with
existing laws of that industry.
WOODROW WILSON
WILSON
• Federal Reserve Act – regulate banking – create 12
regional banks supervised by a central board in
Wash. D.C – keep portion of deposits in reserve for
financial cushion
• Federal Trade Commission – investigate
corporations for unfair trade practices
• Clayton Antitrust Act – strengthened the Sherman
Antitrust Act – companies could not work together
to stop competition.
Prohibited using injunctions in labor disputes
unless necessary to prevent property damages –
allowed strikes, boycotts, peaceful picketing
SUMMARIZE
• Why did Wilson win the 1912 election?
• Name given to Wilson’s ideas/administration.
• Vocab term that means group whose responsibility it is
to see that companies comply with existing
rules/regulations of an industry.
• Law that created regional banks to keep deposits for
financial emergencies.
• Group that would investigate corporations for unfair
trade practices.
• Law that strengthen Sherman Antitrust Act .
• What was not allowed in labor disputes unless
protecting property? What could be used?