83rd Legislative Session Bill Summaries Bills noted with an asterisk (*) are a CASA priority. A: Author CA: Co-Author S: Sponsor CS: Co-Sponsor Strengthening CASA’s Effectiveness Bill # and Author SB 1 Effective Date Summary 9/1/2013 SB 425* A: Nelson S: Cortez, Farney, and Raymond 9/1/2013 $4 million increase ($2 million/year) for CASA to recruit, train, and support more volunteers. Requires DFPS to consult with CASA, AALs and GALs in making placement decisions except in emergency situations. (CASA Priority) HB 1227* A: Dukes S: Williams CS: West HB 1185 * A: 9/1/2013 Requires DFPS to develop an internet application that allows a CASA to access the child’s electronic case file and to add his or her findings and reports to the child’s case file. (CASA Priority) 9/1/2013 Permits a child’s attorney ad litem, guardian ad litem, or amicus attorney to retain records after the appointment’s termination. (CASA Priority) 1 Thompson, Senfronia and Longoria S: Hancock Mental Health of Foster Care Children Bill # and Author HB 915* A: Kolkhorst, N. Gonzalez, Burkett, Naishtat, and Dukes CA: Clardy, Márquez, Menéndez, Otto, Patrick, and Zedler S: Nelson CS: Uresti and West Effective Date Summary 9/1/13 Overhauls the informed consent, monitoring, support, and judicial review surrounding the use of psychotropic medications to treat foster children. (CASA priority) Requires DFPS to help youth plan for managing medication after leaving foster care. (same as SB 424) Consent to medication becomes valid only if it is provided in the manner provided by Section 576.025(b), Health and Safety Code. The evidence of the consent may be included in the foster child’s health passport. (same as SB 424) The department must notify the child’s parents of the initial prescription of a psychotropic drug to a foster child and of any change in dosage of the psychotropic drug at the first scheduled meeting between the parents and the child’s caseworker after the date the psychotropic drug is prescribed or the dosage is changed. (same as SB 424) Summaries of a child’s medical care at each hearing under Chapter 263, must include any non-pharmacological interventions tried before the prescription of a psychotropic drug, plans for discontinuing the psychotropic drug, and the child’s prognosis with and without the psychotropic drug. (same as SB 424) At a hearings under Chapter 263, a court must make findings as to whether the department has required, in nonemergency situations, the child’s physician to consider and eliminate the option of non-pharmacological interventions, including psychosocial interventions, before prescribing a psychotropic drug for the child 2 Physicians prescribing psychotropic drugs to a foster child must have an office visit with the child every 90 days to assess the child’s progress and the appropriateness of drug’s continued use. (same as HB 838) HHSC must use Medicaid prescription drug data to monitor the prescribing of psychotropic drugs for children who are enrolled in the STAR Health Medicaid managed care program or eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare; and children from another state but who are under DFPS’ supervision. SB 460/ HB 3224 A: Deuell CA: Zaffirini S: Coleman SB 718/ HB 1948 A: West S: Burkett 9/1/2013 Requires that educators for whom a bachelor’s degree is a minimum requirement to get a teaching certificate have instruction in detection and education of students with mental or emotional disorders as part of the curriculum for that degree. Immediately Requires a person or agency appointed as the guardian or a managing conservator of a person younger than 18 years of age to obtain a court order or emergency detention order for protective custody if the minor does not consent to inpatient or outpatient treatment. SB 421/ HB 3684 A: Zaffirini CA: Rodriguez S:Naishtat 9/1/2013 Maintains and renames an interagency group which provides the legislature and state child-serving agencies with recommendations on improving children's mental health services and support. The system of care approach is widely recommended to better plan for and serve children and youth with serious emotional disturbance, helping to keep them in their homes, with their families, and out of more restrictive placements such as hospitalization, foster care, or juvenile justice. 3 Foster Care System Bill # and Author SB 1 Effective Date Summary 9/1/2013 $166.2 million GR increase for Child Protective Services ($260.4 million all funds increase) to significantly reduce caseworker caseloads and delinquent investigations, improve staff retention initiatives, and provide essential IT enhancements. This includes $35 million for targeted rate increases for foster care providers. SB 44 A: Zaffirini, West CA: Uresti S: Burkett 9/1/2013 SB 430/ HB 764/ HB 1683 A: Nelson S: Guillen, Raymond and Lozano HB 748 A: Raymond S: Nelson 9/1/2013 Directs DFPS to inform parents on the option of joint conservatorship when considering relinquishment of parental rights in order to acquire mental health services. Directs DFPS and DSHS to study ways to prevent families from relinquishing a child to DFPS in order to get mental health care, and requires DFPS to collect certain data related to the number of children who suffer from a mental illness and for whom DFPS is appointed managing conservator because a person voluntarily relinquished possession of the child solely to obtain mental health services for the child. The bill requires the Council on Children and Families to make recommendations to HHSC to eliminate the practice of including in the DFPS central registry the name of a person who relinquishes possession of his or her child to DFPS solely to obtain mental health services for the child. Executive Commission of HHSC may implement any recommendations that can be implemented with existing resources. Requires foster care parents to verify that they have attempted to find appropriate daycare in order to receive monetary daycare assistance from DFPS. Foster parents must provide the department with documentation that they have looked into daycare through community services, including Head Start programs, prekindergarten classes, and early education programs offered in public schools. Immediately Allows the Health and Humans Services Commission to use federal funds to test certain innovative strategies in child welfare programs. (to apply for Title IV-E waiver) The federal funds will be used to conduct demonstration projects to accomplish one or more of the following goals: (1) provide more permanency for children by reducing time in foster care and promoting 4 HB 843 A: Lucio III, Fallon and Gonzalez, N. SB 352/ HB 1453 A: West S: Gonzalez, N. 9/1/2013 SB 427/ HB 1680 A: Nelson S: Raymond 9/1/2013 9/1/2013 successful transitions to adulthood for former foster youth; (2) increase positive outcomes for infants, children, and families in their homes and communities and increasing the safety and wellbeing of infants, children, and youth; and (3) prevent child abuse and neglect and the reentry of children into foster care. (DFPS priority) Provides notice of a permanency hearing to a child if: (A) the child is 10 years of age or older; or (B) the court determines it is appropriate for the child to receive notice. The child would be entitled to at least 10 days’ notice and to present evidence and be heard at the hearing. (Texans Care for Children Priority) Requires DFPS to provide the opportunity for a visit to take place within 72 hours of the child’s removal. Requires the visitation plan to be developed by the 30 day hearing. The court should review what the temporary visitation schedule should be between the first visit and the formal plan established by the 30th day. Requires DFPS to develop a temporary visitation schedule, in cooperation with the parent, which covers the time period in between the visit at 72hrs and the time at which the formal visitation plan is developed by the 30th day. Visitation plans and their outcomes should be regularly reviewed at each permanency court hearing and the court should examine the need for supervision of visitation to be reduced as it is safe to do so. In order to assist in supervising visits between children and their parents, DFPS should attempt to employ the use of volunteers including those who are directly engaged with the department as well as those who work for organizations that serve children in state care. The standard criminal CPS and criminal background checks should be employed. (One Voice priority) Creates stricter compliance standards for residential child-care facilities. SB 427 closes a loophole by requiring residential child care contractors and CPS workers who coordinate services for children in foster care homes to undergo background checks before working with children in the foster care and child placement system. The executive commissioner, director, owner, or operator of a residential child-care facility will have to submit a complete set of their fingerprints. In addition, a background and criminal history check will have to be conducted on certain individuals according to the Health and Human Resources Code, Section 42.056.The department can impose administrative sanctions and penalties for noncompliance. 5 SB 428/ HB 1682 A: Nelson S: Raymond SB 534 A: West S: Dukes 9/1/2013 SB 742/ HB 1677 A: Carona S: Frullo SB 717 A: West S: Naishtat 9/1/2013 SB 769 A: Uresti S: McClendon 9/1/2013 SB 771* A: Uresti CA: Nelson S: Raymond SB 886 A: Uresti S: Lewis 1/1/2014 9/1/2013 Immediately 9/1/2013 Lays the foundation for CPS to establish mentoring programs in which foster parents can mentor biological parents as they prepare to be reunited with their children. Specifically, it deletes a requirement for a duplicative background check that currently creates an administrative and cost barrier to creating a mentoring program. Adds a third permanency planning meeting at 9 months into the case for each child in DFPS custody. After obtaining TMC, DFPS must have the first meeting within 45 days, the second meeting within five months, and the third meeting within nine months. Intended to prevent children from entering PMC. Requires local law enforcement to enter a report of a missing child into the national crime information center missing person file if the child is in foster care or in the conservatorship of DFPS and had been reported missing on two or more occasions in the 24-month period preceding the date of the current report. Allows a minor to consent to housing or care provided through a transitional living program. A minor may provide consent if the minor is 16 years of age or older and lives apart from the minor’s parent, managing conservator, or guardian and manages the minor’s own financial affairs; or is unmarried and is pregnant or is the parent of a child. Establishes a pilot program to provide specialized training to foster parents of children who have been traumatized or have serious mental health needs. The program requires that either DFPS or another state agency provide the training through existing resources or that a local governmental entity or charitable organization be able to provide the training at no cost to the state. The program must be in a county with a population of at least 1.5 million that is within 200 miles of an international border. Requires DFPS to develop and implement a training program that each employee who is newly hired or promoted to a management position in the child protective services division must complete before the employee begins serving in the management position. Clarifies the status of a transitioning youth and their relationship to the court system upon the youths’ 18th birthday. A young adult who was in the conservatorship of the department the day before the young adult’s 18th birthday has two options upon turning 18: enter extended foster care or begin trial independence. Under either circumstance the court that had ` over a young adult on the day before the person’s 18th birthday continues to have extended jurisdiction over the young adult. 6 SB 1589 A:Zaffirini CA: Uresti S: Dukes 9/1/2013 HB 2111 A: Strama S: Nelson 9/1/2013 Generally this extended jurisdiction will continue until the young adult is appointed a guardian or the earlier of the last day of the trial independence or the young adult’s 21st birthday. Trial independence is the status given to a young adult who either does not enter extended foster care at age 18 or leaves extended foster care before turning 21. The default time period for trial independence is 6 months but may be court ordered for up to a year. Requires experiential life-skills training that a foster care provider is required to provide, or assist youth age 14 or older in obtaining, to include financial literacy skills including : obtaining and interpreting a credit score; protecting, repairing, and improving a credit score; avoiding predatory lending practices; saving money and accomplishing financial goals through prudent financial management practices; using basic banking and accounting skills, including balancing a checkbook; using debit and credit cards responsibly; understanding a paycheck and items withheld from a paycheck; and protecting financial, credit, and identifying information in personal and professional relationships; and assists a youth who has a source of income to establish a savings plan and, if available, a savings account that the youth can independently manage. Requires a person who provides transitional living services to assist youth in obtaining services that will assist them in developing skills in food preparation and nutrition education that promotes health food choices. This is added to the other experiential life-skills training youth are required to receive. Education Bill # and Author HB 2619* A: Naishtat S: West CS: Zaffirini Effective Date Summary 9/1/2013 Allows a child in DFPS custody and placed outside their home school’s jurisdiction to attend their home school until they successfully complete the highest grade level offered by that school. Requires GAL’s and AAL’s to report to the court on their efforts to address the educational needs of the children they represent. Allows the court to appoint a surrogate parent, which can be a CASA, when necessary to ensure the educational rights of a child eligible for a district’s special education program are protected. Requires school districts to provide notice to a child’s educational decision maker and case worker regarding events that may significantly impact the education of a child. Requires school districts to excuse a child from school to attend a mental health or therapy 7 Immediately SB 1404* A: Patrick and Uresti S: Parker appointment. Provides protections for high school students in DFPS custody who are transferred into different school districts including exceptions for course completion and graduation Relative Caregivers SB 502 A: West S: Zerwas 9/1/2013 Prior to placing the child with a proposed relative or other designated caregiver, the department must provide the same information and opportunity for a pre-placement visit that is provided for paid foster care homes. Allows DFPS to increase kinship integration payments from $1000 per sibling group to up to $1000 per child New and Continued Task Forces Bill # and Author HB 1272/ SB 811 A: Fletcher, McClendon, Harless, Riddle and Thompson, S. CA: Cortez, Frullo and Muñoz S: Van de Putte Effective Date Summary Immediately Continues Human Trafficking Prevention Task Force through September 1, 2015. Effective immediately if it achieves 2/3 vote by elected members of each house, otherwise effective as of September 1, 2013. 8 CS: Garcia, Zaffirini SB 1174/ HB 2620 A: Collier, Cortez S: Deuell Immediately Creates a task force on domestic violence. The task force will examine on the impact of domestic violence on maternal and infant mortality, the health of mothers, and the health and development of fetuses, infants, and children. Additionally, the task force will identify areas to improve the health care services to these groups, and identify methods to effectively include domestic violence information and support in educational standards for educators and protocols for health care providers. Child Protection Bill # and Author SB 12/ HB 330 A: Huffman S: Riddle HB 424 A: Burkett, Sheets and Fletcher S: Deuell HB 1302 A: Clardy, Springer, Toth, Paddie and King, K. S: Nichols Effective Date Summary 9/1/2013 This bill would allow the admission of evidence of other previous sex offenses against a child during the guilt-innocence stage of a trial. This is a priority for Children’s Advocacy Centers. 9/1/2013 Directors of group homes must conduct a search through a DPS website as soon as practicable after a person requests to live at a group home or is assigned to live there in order to determine whether that person is a registered sex offender. Excludes certain group homes that accept or are assigned only residents who are sex offenders required to register under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure. Imposes a sentence of life without parole for certain repeat sex offenders, and restricts sex offenders from certain types of employment. Sex offenders are precluded from the following types of employment: operating a bus, providing taxi and/or limousine services, or any type of service in another person’s residence. In addition, sex offenders required to register for an offense or conduct involving a victim younger than 17 years old may not operate or offer to operate any amusement ride. 9/1/2013 9 HB 431/ SB 189 A: Riddle, Harless, Parker, and Bonnen, D. CA: Zedler S: Huffman SB 330/ HB 1922: A: Huffman CA: West S: Thompson, S. SB 384/ HB 1205 A: Parker, Raymond, Zerwas, Fallon, Naishtat CA: Price, Simmons, Wu, and Miller, R. S: Carona HB 1206 A: Parker and Fallon CA: Cortez, Immediately Inmates currently serving a sentence for or having been previously convicted of a second degree felony or a third degree felony under Section 22.04, Penal Code, if the victim of the offense is a child, may not be released for mandatory supervision. 9/1/2013 A social study evaluator may access the department’s complete, unredacted copy of any investigative record regarding abuse or neglect that relates to any person residing in the residence subject to the social study. The evaluator may only disclose this information to the extent necessary to make a recommendation. Any unauthorized disclosure is a misdemeanor. 9/1/2013 Professionals or persons required to report commit an offense if they knowingly fail to make a report under section 261.101(a), Family Code. The offense becomes a felony if during the trial it is shown that that the person or professional intended to conceal the abuse or neglect. 9/1/2013 Imposes penalties on a person who fails to report a missing child or the death of a child. 10 Simmons, and Miller, R. S: Huffman HB 1228 A: Dukes, Thompson, S., Harless, Zerwas and Raymond CA: Allen, Alonzo, Alvarado, et al. S: Davis CS: Hinojosa and Zaffirini SB 426 A: Nelson CA: Deuell, West S: Zerwas HB 1648 A: Raymond S: Nelson 9/1/2013 In addition to domestic violence, a court must consider the history of sexual abuse when determining whether to appoint someone as a sole or joint managing conservator. The court will consider evidence of sexual abuse by a party directed against the party’s spouse, a parent of the child, or any person younger than 18 years of age committed within a two-year period preceding the filing of the suit or during the pendency of the suit. The court will also consider sexual abuse when determining whether to deny, restrict, or limit the possession of a child by a parent who is appointed as a possessory conservator. 9/1/2013, except Section 531.9871, Government Code, as added by this Act, takes effect 1/15/2015 9/1/2013 Home Visitation Expansion and Accountability Act. Strengthens standards for home visitation programs conducted by early childhood and health professionals that prevent abuse and neglect in high risk families. Section 531.9871 instructs the Commission to submit a report to the Committee on Health and Human Services on home visiting programs Dec. 1 of each even-numbered year. Protects any photograph, videotape, audiotape, or other audio or visual recording, depiction, or documentation of a child that is made by DFPS in the course of an inspection from being subject to an open records request. The documentation may only be released as required by state or federal law or rules adopted by the executive commissioner. 11 9/1/2013 SB 939/ HB 2495 A: West CA: Uresti S: Parker and Miller, R. SB 369/ HB 879 A: Whitmire S: Burnam SB 1191/ HB 2560 A: Davis CA: Zaffirini S: Thompson, S. SB 1192/ HB 2559 A: Davis S: Thompson, S. SB 946 A: Nelson S: Bohac Requires the TEA to develop a policy governing the reports of child abuse and neglect. Employees must make a report in the manner required by Chapter 261, Family Code, before informing their supervisor. Requires institutions of higher education to adopt a similar reporting requirement and provide training for certain employees in recognizing and preventing sexual abuse and other maltreatment of children and the responsibility and procedure of reporting suspected occurrences of sexual abuse and other maltreatment. 9/1/2013 Removes the name and address of the employer of an individual from the Texas sex offender registry’s public database. 9/1/2013 Allows a sexual assault survivor to be transferred to what has been designated in a communitywide plan as the primary health care facility for treating sexual assault survivors. According to statistics provided by the United States Department of Justice, two out of three rapes and sexual assaults go unreported. While this underreporting is due to a variety of reasons, it is believed that one potential barrier is access to health care facilities that are capable of treating and collecting evidence from sexual assault survivors. This bill seeks to address this concern. 9/1/2013 Gives the victim of a sexual assault various rights in regard to notification about evidence that was collected the assault. These rights include receiving notice when evidence collected during the investigation of the assault is submitted to a crime lab for analysis. 1/1/2014 Allows victims (or their parents or guardians) of stalking, indecency with a child or sexual performance with a child to terminate their lease in certain circumstances. 12 Domestic Violence and CPS Bill # and Author SB 66 A: Nelson S: Laubenberg SB 130* A: Nelson CA: Garcia S: Lewis SB 423/ HB 1679 A: Nelson S: Raymond Effective Date Summary 9/1/2013 Expands the committee reviewing child fatality to also include an emergency medical services provider and a provider of services to, or advocate for, victims of family violence. Immediately Clarifies the law to make it easier for prosecutors representing CPS in civil cases to also help the parents in a CPS case obtain a protective order for herself and/or the child. (CASA priority) 9/1/2013 SB 743/ HB 2172 A: Nelson S: Lucio III SB 357 A: Hinojosa S: Anchia 9/1/2013 Authorizes an alternative response system for low-risk cases in which there is no immediate danger to a child. For qualifying cases, Child Protective Services (CPS) would have the flexibility to take a more supportive approach with families that can be kept together through education, counseling, and other services. Scheduled to rollout to in one or more of the department’s administrative regions before being implemented statewide. (DFPS priority) Creates an offense for continuous violation of a protective order in family violence cases. Offenders who violate a protective order two or more times in a 12-month-period while the first violation is still pending in court would be subject to a third-degree felony. SB 893/ HB 1848 A: Carona S: Carter 9/1/2013 9/1/2013 Clarifies existing law concerning victims of stalking and sexual assault seeking protective orders. Additionally, improves protections to victims of human trafficking. Allows a court to issue a protective order if it finds that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the applicant is the victim of sexual assault or abuse, stalking, or trafficking. Strengthens the protections available to victims of sexual assault violence to be on par with those afforded to victims of family violence. Prohibits a perpetrator from communication of any kind with a sexual assault or stalking victim, making the offense a Class A misdemeanor. In addition, the bill extends the protections afforded to victims of family violence to all victims, regardless of the crime, so that any violation of bond conditions is also considered a Class A misdemeanor. 13 Juvenile Justice Bill # and Author Effective Date Summary HB 91/ SB 92 A: Van de Putte CA: Paxton S: Thompson, S. 9/1/2013 HB 497/ HB 528 A: Giddings, Miles, Wu, and Turner, S. S: Whitmire SB 394/ HB 3058 A: West S: Herrero and Wu SB 511/ HB 1388 A: Whitmire S: Workman 1/1/2014 Designates a juvenile court and a pre-adjudication diversion program for juveniles whom have allegedly violated certain penal laws regarding prostitution. Each county must dedicate at least one court for this purpose. If the designated court does not have jurisdiction the county must designate at least one additional court that does have jurisdiction. A law enforcement officer may not issue a warning instead of taking a child into custody if the officer has probable cause to believe the child violating Section 43.02, Penal Code, was a victim of conduct under section 20A.02, Penal Code. The juvenile board of each county must adopt guidelines for the disposition of the child. These guidelines will be permissive. A juvenile court may defer adjudication proceedings and dismiss cases on completion of a trafficked persons court program under certain circumstances. Makes all records relating to a child charged or convicted of fine-only misdemeanors confidential. 9/1/2013 Makes all records relating to a child convicted of or receiving a deferral of disposition for fineonly misdemeanors confidential. 12/1/2013 This bill creates an alternative sentencing system for juvenile offenders that is controlled by local county juvenile authorities and diverts such offenders from the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD). This bill is based on the philosophy that treatment and rehabilitative services are more effective when they can be delivered in the same community the child usually resides. This 14 SB 2 (83(2)) A: Laubenberg; Burkett; HarperBrown; Bonnen, Greg; King, Phil Immediately system envisions the family participating in the youth’s rehabilitative services. Mandatory life prison sentence for individuals who committed their offense when under the age of 18 and are found guilty of a capitol felony. Mandatory life without parole sentence for individuals who committed their offense when 18 years of age or older and found guilty of capitol felony. Applied when death penalty is not being sought. Charitable & Nonprofit Organizations Bill # and Author SB 245/ HB 1100 A: West CA: Nelson, Uresti S: Otto Effective Date Summary 9/1/2013 Expands the eligibility requirements for Children’s Advocacy Centers. In order to be eligible, Children’s Advocacy Centers need to implement program components that include a case tracking system; a child-focused setting; family advocacy and victim support services; forensic interviews conducted in a neutral, fact-finding environment; specialized medical evaluation and treatment services; specialized trauma-focused mental health services; and a system to ensure that all services available are culturally competent and diverse. (CAC priority) Miscellaneous Bill # and Author HB 817/ SB 353 Effective Date Summary Immediately Allows a juvenile facility providing services solely for the Texas Juvenile Justice Department and an emergency shelter facility providing shelter or care to a minor and the minor’s child or children, if 15 A: West S: Dukes 9/1/2013 SB 126 A: Nelson CA: Schwertner S: Davis, J. SB 1060/ HB 9/1/2013 1098 A: Nelson S: Zerwas any, under Section 32.201, Family Code, to operate a child-care facility or child-placing agency without a license issued by the department. Creates a public reporting system to measure the performance and outcomes relating to mental health and substance abuse services established by the Legislative Budget Board and the Department of Health and Human Services. The system would report on community centers providing mental health services, pilot programs, and third-party contractors. The available information would protect an individual’s identity. Requires the Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services to collect data and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of family cost share provisions in the Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) program, and to implement changes to those provisions to improve the cost-effectiveness of the program. Family cost sharing provisions for the ECI program were implemented in 2004. HB 1396 A: King, S. and Miller, D. S: Nelson 9/1/2013 HB 845/ SB 1246 A: Lucio III S: West SB 1759 A: Uresti S: Lewis 9/1/2013 Requires the Department of Family and Protective services to compile and publish certain information about drugs and alcohol. Specifically, the department must report the number of children who were born addicted to alcohol or a controlled substance and the controlled substances to which the children were addicted. In addition, the department must report the number of children born addicted who were removed from their homes and have been diagnosed as having a disability or chronic medical condition resulting from the addiction; and the number of parents who test positive for the presence of a controlled substance during a department investigation of a report of abuse or neglect. Expands the way written notice required by a standard court order for possession of a child can be provided to include e-mail and fax. 9/1/2013 Requires attorneys on an appointment list to serve as attorneys ad litem (AAL) for a child or parent in a CPS suit to obtain at least 3 hours annually of relevant training. In addition, it requires appointment of an AAL for an indigent parent or an alleged father in all suits where DFPS is seeking to be appointed as conservator, not just when DFPS is seeking termination of parental rights. Courts are directed to address the issue of appointment of the attorney ad litem prior to the commencement of a full adversary hearing and to postpone that hearing, if necessary, to give the AAL time to prepare for the hearing. The duties of an AAL appointed to represent an alleged father 16 are clarified, and the court has an ongoing obligation to inform indigent parent who is not already represented of their right to an AAL at the status hearing and at each permanency hearing. 17