Latin III/IV – Cicero
Essential Cicero Vocabulary
A
abutor, uti, usus – use up, squander, misuse
accumbo, ere, cucui, cubgitus – recline at the
table
acerbus, a, um – bitter
adeo [adv.] – up to this, so
adhuc [adv] – up to here, so far, hitherto
adipiscor, i, adeptus – attain, obtain
adiungo, ere, iunxi, iunctus – join to, add, win
over
adulescens, entis [m/f] – youth, young man,
young woman
adversarius, i – opponent, enemy
aedes, is [f] – temple; pl. house
aequo, are, avi, atus – equalize, make, make
level
aerarium, i – treasury
aetas, atis [f] – age, lifetime
aeternus, a, um – everlasting
affero, ferre, attuli, allatus – bring to present
afficio, ere, feci, fectus – afflict with, visit with,
inflict upon
aio [defective verb] – say
aliquando – at some time, at length
amens, entis – distracted, mad, foolish
amplector, i, plexus – encircle, embrace
aperte – openly, plainly
apud [prep + acc.] – near, in the presence of,
among
ara, ae – altar
ars, artis [f] – skill, art, theory
arguo, ere, ui, utus – show, prove, accuse,
denounce
assiduus, a, um – uninterrupted
atrox, ocis – cruel terrible
auctoritas, atis [f] – authority, influence
aufero, ferre, abstuli, ablatus – snatch away,
remove, destroy
auris, is [f] – ear
aurum, i – gold
autem [postpositive conj.] – moreover, but
auxilium, i – aid, help; pl. auxiliary troops
avus, i – grandfather
B
balneum, i – bath, bathing place
beatus, a, um – happy, fortunate, prosperous
bellicosus, a, um – fond of war, warlike, fierce
benificium, i – kind deed, service
benevolentia, ae – good will, friendship
bibo, ere, bibi – drink, absorb, imbibe
biduum, i – two days
bis – twice, on two occasions, two-fold
blandus, a, um – flattering, fawning, agreeable
bustum, i – mound, tomb, funeral-pyre
C
cado, ere, cecidi, casurus – fall, fall down, fall
dead, perish, happen
caecus, a, um – blind
caelum, i – sky, heaven
callidus, a, um – experienced, skilful, shrewd
campus, i – plain, open space, field
canis, is [m/f] – dog
captivus, i – prisoner, captive
carcer, eris [m] – prison
carus, a, um – dear, beloved
caveo, ere, cavi, cautus – beware
celeber, bris, bre – crowded, frequent, famous
censeo, ere, censui, census – estimate, assess,
propose, vote
cerno, ere, crevi, cretus – distinguish, see,
understand, decide
ceteri, ae, a – the others, the rest
circa [adv. and prep with acc.] – around, near,
about
civilis, e [adj] – belonging to a citizen
civis, civis [m/f] – citizen
collega, ae [m] – colleague
commoveo, ere, movi, motus – move
thoroughly, stir deeply, influence
concito, are, avi, atus – arouse, excite
concordia, ae – harmony, agreement
concurro, ere, curri, cursus – run together,
assemble, join battle
condo, ere, dondidi, conditus – put together,
found, hide
confestim – immediately, quickly, suddenly
coniunx, coniugis [m and f] – spouse, husband,
wife
coniurati, orum – conspirators
consceleratus, a, um – wicked, depraved
conscribo, ere, conscripsi, conscriptus – write
together, enroll, enlist
consentio, ire, sensi, sensus – think together,
agree
consilium, i – deliberative assembly; purpose,
intention, plan; wisdom
consul, ulis [m] – consul
Essential Cicero Vocabulary – page 2
consulatus, us [m] – the office of consul,
consulship
consultum, i – deliberation, decree, resolution
contio, onis [f] – assembly, public address
[before the people]
contumelia, ae – insult, invective, injury
convivio, i – banquet
cras – tomorrow
credibilis, e – worthy of belief, credible
credo, ere, credidi, creditus – believe, trust, give
trust
cruciatus, us [m] – torture
crudelis, e –cruel
cruor, oris [m] – blood, a stream of blood,
murder
culpa, ae – blame, guilt, censure
cupiditas, atis [f] – desire, longing
curia, ae – senate house
currus, us [m] – chariot, a triumphal car, a team
of horses
custodio, ire, ivi, itus – guard, watch, protect
custos, odis [m/f] – guardian, watchmen
D
damno, are, avi, atus – condemn
daps, dapis [f] – food
dedecus, oris [n] – shame, disgrace
deficio, ere, feci, fectus – fail, revolt from
deinde – then, next, afterwards
deleo, ere, evi, etus – destroy
delubrum, i – sacred place, shrine
designatus, a, um – marked, elect
detrimentum, i – loss, damage, defeat
differo, ferre, distuli, dilatus – be different,
differ, postpone
diripio, ere, ripui, reptus – tear apart, plunder
disco, ere, didici – learn
discrimen, inis [n] – turning point, crisis, peril
dissentio, ire, sensi, sensus – disagree
divitiae, arum – riches, wealth
dolor, oris [m] – pain, grief
domesticus, a, um – belonging to the house,
inner
domus, us, i [f] – house, home, household
dubito, are, avi, atus – doubt, hesitate
dulcis, e – sweet, pleasant
E
egeo, ere, ui – be in need, want
egregius, a, um – extraordinary, remarkable,
excellent
eicio, ere, iece, iectus – throw out, drive out
[with se], rush out
emo, ere, emi, emptus – buy, take
enim [postpositive conj.] – for instance, namely,
in fact, that is to say, for
epistula, ae – letter, dispatch
erga [prep with acc] – toward
ergo – therefore
erro, are, avi, atus – wander, make a mistake
erumpo, ere, rupi, ruptus – burst out, rush out
etsi – although, and yet
erudio, ire, ivi, itus – educate
etenim – and indeed, for
exanimo, are, avi, atus – kill
exaudio, ire, ivi, itus – hear from a distance
excelsus, a, um – high, distinguished
excutio, ere, cussi, cussus – shake off, cast out,
discard, scrutinize
exemplum i – sample, example
exerceo, ere, ui, itus – train
exitiosus, a, um – full of destruction, ruinous
exitium, i – destruction, ruin
exsisto, ere, stiti – come out, come into being,
exist
exterus, a, um – farthest, last, the end of
exuro, ere, ussi, ustus – burn up, consume,
destroy
exuviae, arum – spoils, booty, plunder
F
facies, ei [f] – appearance, shape, countenance,
face
facilitas, atis [f] – ease, readiness, facility,
opportunity, arffability
facinus, oris [n] – deed, crime
factio, onis [f] – partisanship, association, party
facundus, a, um – speaking easily, fluent,
eloquent
fallo, ere, fefelli, falsus – deceive, fail
fames, is [f] – hunger, famine, want
familiaris, e – of the household, intimate,
private, friendly
famulus, i – servant, attendant
fanum, i – temple, shrine
fas [n. indeclinable] – the dictates of religion,
divine law, justice, equity
fascis, is [m] -- a bundle, a load; pl. bundle of
rods with an axe, carried before the highest
magistrates as a symbol of authority
fateor, eri, fassus – confess, grant, indicate
fatum, i – destiny, oracle
faveo, ere, favi, fauturus – favor
Essential Cicero Vocabulary – page 3
fax, facis [f] – torch, firebrand
felicitas, atis [f] – luck, happiness
ferreus, a, um – of iron
ferrum, i – iron
fidus, a, um – trusting, faithful, credible
fingo, ere, finxi, fictus – mounld, invent,
imagine
flagito, are, avi, atus – demand
flagro, are, avi, atus – burn, flare
flamma, ae – flame, fire
foedus, eris [n] – treaty, pact
formido, inis [f] – fear, panic
fortasse – perchance, perhaps
forum, i – market place
frango, ere, fregi, fractus – break in pieces,
shatter, crush, dishearten
frequens, entis – crowded
frigus, oris [n] – cold, chill
fructus, us [m] – produce, fruit, gain
frustra [adv] – in error, without effect, useless
fungor, i, functus – perform, be engaged
furtum, i theft
G
gaudium, i – joy, delight
gaza, ae – treasue
geminus, a, um – twin, double
gemma, ae – jewel, gem
gener, eris [m] – son-in-law
genus, eris [n] – birth, race, family, kind, class
gladiator, is – gladiator
gradus, us [m] – step, rank
gravitas, atis [f] – weight, seriousness
grex, gregis [m] – herd, crowd
H
habito, are, avi, atus – occupy, dwell in
haereo, ere, haesi, haesurus – stick, cling, hold
fast
harena, ae – sand, coast, amphitheatre
haruspex, icis [m] – soothsayer, diviner,
inspector of the entrails of victims
haud – not at all, by no means
haurio, ire, hausi, haustus – draw out, drink up,
drain, consume
hebesco, ere – grow dull, lose vigor, faint
hesternus, a, um – of yesterday
hodie – today
hodiernus, a, um – of today
honestas, atis [f] – honor, reputationk, integrity
honestus, a, um – honorable, respected
hospes, pitis [m] – host, guest
I
iacto, are, avi, atus – throw about, boast
iam diu – now for a long time, long ago
ibi – in that place, there
igitur – therefore
ignavia, ae – inactivity, idleness, sloth
ignominia, ae – disgrace, degradation
ignoro, are, avi, atus – not know, be ignorant
illustro, are, avi, atus – light up, honor
imago, inis [f] – likeness, picture, portrait
immanis, e – monstrous, enormous, vast
immineo, ere – threaten
immo vero – nay rather, no indeed, on the
contrary
immortalis, e – immortal
impello, ere, puli, pulsus – drive on, urge
impendeo, ere – overhang, threaten
imperitus, a, um – inexperienced, ignorant,
unskilled
impleo, ere, evi, etus – fill up, make full,
complete, accomplish
improbitas, atis [f] – wickedness, dishonesty
improvisus, a, um – unexpected, unforeseen
impunitus, a, um – unpunished
incendium, i – conflagration, fire
includo, ere, clusi, clusus – shut in, enclose
incredibilis, e – unbelievable
index, dicis [m] – informer
indicium, i -- information, evidence, proof
indignus, a, um – unworthy, undeserving
industria, ae – application
infestus, a, um – hostile, unsafe, disturbed
ingenium, i – inborn gift, talent
ingens, tis – huge, vast, immeasurable
inquam – say
insigne, is [n] – badge, device, decoration
interitus, us [m] – destruction, death
invideo, ere, vidi, visus – look upon, envy, hate
irascor, i, iratus – become angry, be angry
iste, a, ud [demons. pro] – that one [of yours]
iterum [adv] – again
iucundus, a, um – pleasant, agreeable
ius, iuris [n] – right, justice, law
iuvenis, is [m and f] – youth, young person
L
lacesso, ere, ivi, itus – challenge, harass
lacrima, ae – tear, weeping
largior, iri, itus – give abundantly, lavish, bride
latrocinium, i – robbery
laus, laudis [f] – praise, fame, renown
libenter [adv] – gladly
Essential Cicero Vocabulary – page 4
liberi, orum – children
lorica, ae – a coat of mail, leather cuirass
loquor, i, locutus – speak, say, talk
lego, ere, legi, lectus – gather, read, choose
lenis, e – gentle, kind
libido, inis [f] – lust, passion
locuples, etis – wealthy
longinquus, a, um – far off, at a distance
ludo, ere, lusi, lusus – play
lumen, inis [n] – light
lusus, us [m] – play, sport
luxuria, ae – extravagance
M
machinor, ari, atus – plot, plan, scheme
macto, are, avi, atus – honor, punish, sacrifice
macula, ae – spot, stain, disgrace
maeror, oris [m] – grief, mourning
maledictum, i – abusive word, curse
malum, i – apple
mane – in the morning
mansuetudo, inis [f] – gentleness
mediocriter – slightly, moderately, somewhat
mehercule [interjection] – by Hercules!
memini, isse – remember, recall
mensa, ae – table, dish
merito – deservedly
metuo, ere, ui – fear
minae, arum – threats
miror, ari, atus – marvel at
misceo, ere, miscui, mixtus – mingle, confuse,
mix
miericordia, ae – clemency, pity,
kindheartedness
mitis, e – kind
modicus, a, um – moderate
molior, iri, itus – put up, plot, toil, labor upon
mollis, e – soft, pliant, delicate, gentle
monstrum, i – divine omen, supernatural
appearance, miracle, horrible sight
morbus, is – sickness
mortuus, a, um – dead
motus, us [m] – uprising, commotion, tumult
mox – soon, by and by, presently
mundus, i – world, heavens, earth
municipium, i – free town
muto, are, avi, atus – change, move away; divert
N
naciscor, i, nactus – attain, meet with, find
nato, are, avi, atus – swim, float, overflow
natura, ae – nature, character, natural
disposition
navalis, e – of ships, nautical
necessario – of necessity
necessarius, i – client, patron, friend, relative
neco, are, avi, atus – kill
nefarius, a, um – wicked, unspeakable, criminal
nego, are, avi, atus – deny, refuse
negotium, i – business, task
nepos, otis [m] – grandson, descendant
nequeo, nequire, nequivi – be unable
nescio, ire, ivi – be unaware, know not
neve – and not, nor
nex, necis [f] – murder, slaughter
nimis – too much, excessively, too
nimius, a, um – excessive
nix, nivis [f] – snow
nobilis, e – well-known, famous, celebrated
noctū – at night
nominatim – by name, in detail, particularly
nonus, a, um – ninth
nubes, is [f] – cloud
nuper – recently
nusquam – nowhere
nutus, us [m] – nod, hint, tendency, will
O
obruo, ere, ui, utus – overwhelm, overthrow,
submerge
obscurus, a, um – dark, dim, concealed
obsecro, are, avi, atus – implore
occulto, are, avi, atus – hide, conceal
odi, isse, osurus – hate
odium, i – hatred
officium, i – duty, office
omen, inis [n] – omen, sign
onus, oneris [n] -- burden
opimus, a, um – rich, fertile
opinio, onis [f] –belief, view
opprimo, ere, opprissi, oppressus – overcome,
crush
ops, opis [f] – aid, power; pl. wealth, resources,
influence
ora, ae – shore, district
oratio, onis [f] – speech, oration
orbis, orbis [m] – circle
ordo, inis [m] – order, rank
oro, are, avi, atus – beseech, implore, ask
os, oris [n] – mouth
osculum, i – kiss
ostium, i – mouth, entrance
Essential Cicero Vocabulary – page 5
otium, i – leisure, peace
P
pactum, i – agreement
paenitet, ere, paenituit – it repents one, repent
palam [adv] – openly
parco, ere, peperci, parsurus – spare
pareo, ere, ui – obey, yield, submit
paries, etis [m] – wall [of a house]
pario, ere, peperi, partus – give birth to, bring
forth, produce
parracida, ae – murderer
partim [adv] – partly, in part
patefacio, ere, feci, factus – expose, uncover,
reveal
patres conscripti – conscript fathers, senators
patrius, a, um – belonging to a father, inherited
perditus, a, um – lost, desperate, corrupt
pereo, ire, ii, iturus – go through, perish
pericolosus, a, um – dangerous, perilous
peritus, a, um – skilled, experienced
pernicies, ei [f] – destruction, ruin
pertimesco, ere, timui – become, be afraid
pestis, is [f] – plague, pestilence, ruin
placeo, ere, ui, citu, placitus – please
plenus, a, um – full
pontifex, ficis [m] – priest
populares, ium [m] –the popular party,
democrats
posteritas, atis [f] – the future, posterity
potius [adv] – rather, preferably
praecipio, ere, cepi, ceptus – advise, give
directions
praeditus, a, um – endowed, equipped
praedo, onis [m] – pirate
praestans, stantis – outstanding, eminent
praesens, sentis – in person, propitious
praesertim [adv] – especially
pristinus, a, um – former, previous
profecto [adv] – truly
Q
quaestio, onis [f] – inquiry, trial court
quaestus, us [m] – gain, profit
qualis, e – of what kind, such as
quam [adv] – how, as, that
quamquam – although
quasi [adv and conj] -- as if
querela, aea – complaint
quies, etis [f] – rest, quiet
quin – [but] that
Quirites, ium [m] – fellow citizens
quod is – but if
quondam – at some time, at last
quot – how many
quotiens – how often
R
rapio, ere, ui, raptus – seize, carry off, plunder
rarus, a, um – scattered, far apart, infrequent
ratio, onis [f] – reckoning, plan, reason, method
recordor, are, atus – recall
regius, a, um – of a king, royal
reprehendo, ere, hendi, hensus – censure,
blame
reprimo, ere, pressi, pressus – repress, check,
crush
repudio, are, avi, atus – spurn, reject
res publica, rei publicae – the state, public
interests
reus, i – the defendant
rideo, ere, risi, risus – laugh, smile
rostra, orum[n] – the Rostra, the speakers
platform in the Form; adorned with the
beaks of captured ships
rus, ruris [n] – the country
rusticus, a, um – of the country, rural, coarse
S
sacrificium, i – sacrifice
salvus, a, um – safe
sanctus, a, um – sacred, holy
sane – truly, indeed
sanguis, inis [m] – blood
sapiens, entis – wise
saucius, a, um – wounded
sceleratus, a, um – criminal, wicked
scelus, eris [n] – crime
scientia, ae – knowledge
scilicet – of course
scriba, ae – clerk
secerno, ere, crevi, cretus – set aside, separate
securis, is [f] – ax
sedeo, ere, sedi, sessus – sit
sedes, is [f] – seat, abode, dwelling
seditio, onis [f] – dissension, revolt, mutiny
sempiternus, a, um – eternal, everlasting
senectus, tutis [f] – old age
senex, is [m] – old man
sensus, us [m] – feeling
sententia, ae – feeling, opinion
sentina, ae – dregs
sepulcrum, i – tomb, grave
sermo, onis [m] – talk, conversation
Essential Cicero Vocabulary – page 6
servio, ire, ivi, itus – serve
sestertius, i – sestertius [Roman coin]
severitas, atis [f] – strictness
sica, ae – dagger
societas, atis [f] – fellowship, alliance
sol, solis [m] – sun
somnium, i – dream
somnus, i – sleep
sors, sortis [f] – lot, fate
spiritus, us [m] – breath, pride
stultus, a, um – foolish
supplex, icis – bending, suppliant
supplication, onis [f] – thanksgiving
supplicium, i – punishment
T
tabula, ae – board, archive
talis,e – of such a kind
tamen – nevertheless
tamquam – as if
tantus, a, um – so great, so large
tectum, i – roof
tego, ere, texi, tectus – cover, conceal, protect
temere [adv] – rashly
temeritas, atis [f] – rashness
temperantia, ae – self-control
tenuis, e – thin, humble
testis, is [m and f] – witness
traho, ere, traxi, tractus – draw, drag
tribunatus, us [m] – tribuneship
tribuo, ere, ui, utus – bestow, grant, assign,
ascribe
triennium, i – a period of three years
tristis, e – sad, melancholy
turpis, e – ugly, foul, disgraceful, base
U
ullus, a, um – any
ultimus, a, um – farthest, last
umquam – never
urbanus, a, um – of the city, refined, urbane
uter, utra, utrum – which of two
utilitas, atis [f] – usefulness
utinam – would that!
uxor, oris[f] – wife
V
vectigal, alis [n] – tax, tribute
vehemens, entis – violent
vel – or
venia, ae – pardon, permission
verber, eris [n] – lash, stripe
verum [adv] – truly, but
versor, ari, atus – be engaged in, be employed,
remain, dwell, exist
vestigium, i – track, trace
vicinus, a, um – neighboring, near
vigilo, are, avi, atus – watch
vinculum, i – chain
vitium, i – fault, crime, vice