GO TO THE
WRITING CONVENTIONS
SECTION
IN YOUR ELAR NOTEBOOK!!
PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Conjunction
Preposition
Interjection
Article
WARM UP—9/4
In the chapter, “Vanished” that we are reading, go to any
page and quickly jot down
two prepositional phrases and the page where
you found them.
 You will ONLY have 2 minutes to complete, and we
will briefly discuss when the buzzer sounds.
WARM UP REVIEW!!!
Raise your hands, without
talking, to share!!!
Prepare to take
notes!
Remember: Always date your
notes! Take notes over what YOU
believe is important, and
abbreviate as you see necessary!
Phrases, Clauses, & Sentences
Phrase: A phrase is a group of words that does not
contain a subject/verb pair and cannot express a
complete thought.
EX: A seven-foot tiger shark
What action the shark is performing(verb) is what’s missing!
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Clause: A clause does contain a subject/verb pair, and
**can express a complete thought.
EX: When a seven-foot tiger shark arrived
There is a subject and a verb but a complete thought is not
present.
The example is actually a subordinate clause.
Phrase, Clause, & Sentence
Sentence: A sentence expresses a complete idea. It
must contain at least one clause. Note: A clause that
stands alone, as a sentence, is also known as an
independent clause.
EX: A seven-foot tiger shark arrived.
The subject is performing an action, and the action is clearly
present. Thus, a complete thought is expressed.
What’s your
function??
A conjunction is the part of speech
that serves to connect words,
phrases, clauses, or sentences.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AyjKgz
9tKg
Types of Conjunctions:
 Coordinating
 Correlative
 Subordinating
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Share what you know about either of
the conjunctions above!!
Coordinating Conjunctions
 Coordinating conjunctions connect words or groups of words with
similar values. They may connect two words, two phrases, two
independent clauses or two dependent clauses.
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For example, in each of the following sentences the coordinating
conjunction “and” connects equal words or groups of words:
 Connects words: John and Reggie stayed up all night practicing their
guitars.
 Connects phrases: The squirrel scurried up the tree trunk and onto a
low branch.
 Connects clauses: Several managers sat with their backs to us, and I
could almost hear them snickering at us lowly workers.
Coordinating Conjunctions
 There are only seven coordinating conjunctions in the English language,
and they are often remembered by using the acronym “FANBOYS”:
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For**—to connect reasons introduced in preceding clause
And—to show an addition to something
Nor**—to show negative option; an expression of not
But—to express a contrasting idea; shows an exception
Or—indicates a choice/option
Yet**—also shows an exception
So**—as well or in addition; effect of an action
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**The use of these words as a coordinating conjunctions are rare. They play other
roles in sentences as well, so don’t see them as ONLY coordinating conjunctions!
Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs,
which means they both words in the pair will appear in
the same sentence joining sentence elements that are
similar in importance.
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The correlative conjunctions are:
Both…and—shows a similarity
Either…or—shows an option (this or that)
Neither…nor—shows a *negative* option (also this or that)
Not only...but also—shows additional information
Whether…or—presents decisive (significant) choices
Correlative Conjunctions
• Both Jacob and Malcom made the varsity team this year.
• Neither Rachel nor Tina made the varsity team this year.
• Not only did Rodney make the varsity team, but he also
became one of the strongest players.
• Either Megan or Michelle will try out for the dance team.
• Whether you win this race or lose it doesn’t matter as long
you try your best.
Subordinating Conjunctions
• Subordinating conjunctions connect two groups of words by
making one into a subordinating clause. The subordinating clause
acts as one huge adverb, answering the questions “when” or
“why” about the main clause, or imposing conditions or opposition
on it.
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• A list of subordinating conjunctions do appear on the S.A.M. sheet.
• Note: Many of the subordinating conjunctions are also used as
prepositions. **The key is identifying the use of it in the sentence.
• Note: The subordinating conjunction does not always come
between the two clauses it connects. Often, it comes at the
beginning of the first clause.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions :
• I can go shopping after I finish studying for my exam. (when)
• Because the night was young, Gertrude decided to take a
walk. (why)
• I’ll give you a dime if you give me a dollar. (condition)
• Although he never figured out why, Hanna winked on her way
out the door. (opposition)
PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun
Conjunction
Pronoun
Preposition
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Interjection
Article