The Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
By: Charles Carozza
Credits and Acknowledgements
Cell Wall
- Most commonly found
in plant cells
- Controls turgity
-Extracellular structure
surrounding plasma
membrane
-Primary cell wall:
extremely elastic
- Secondary cell wall:
forms around primary
cell wall after growth
is complete
Cell Membrane
- Outer membrane of cell
that controls cellular traffic
- Contains proteins (left,
gray) that span through the
membrane and allow
passage of materials
- Proteins are surrounded
by a phospholipid bi-layer.
Nucleus
The Nucleus consists of these various parts.
Nucleolus
The Nuclear
membrane
- Spherical shape
- Surrounds nucleus
- Composed of two
layers
- Numerous openings
- Visible when cell is not
dividing
- Contains RNA for protein
manufacture
for nuclear traffic
Chromosomes
- Usually in the form
of chromatin
- Contains genetic
information
- Composed of DNA
- Thicken for cellular
division
- Set number per
species (i.e. 23 pairs
for human)
Mitochondria
- Second largest organelle with
unique genetic structure
- Double-layered outer
membrane with inner folds
called cristae
- Energy-producing
chemical reactions take
place on cristae
- Controls level of water
and other materials in cell
- Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates,
and forms urea
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)
is a network of folded
membranes that extend
through the cytoplasm to the
nuclear membrane.
There are two kinds of ER,
rough and smooth. Rough
has ribosomes associated
with it, smooth has no
ribosomes.
ER is involved in the
transport of materials
through the cell.
Ribosomes
- Each cell contains thousands
- Miniature 'protein factories'
- Composes 25% of cell's mass
- Stationary type: embedded in
rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Mobile type: injects proteins
directly into cytoplasm
Chloroplast
- A plastid usually found in
plant cells
- Contain green
chlorophyll where
photosynthesis takes place
Golgi Bodies
Golgi apparatus(sometimes called
the Golgi body) is similar to
endoplasmic reticulum(ER). Golgi
apparatus consists of sacs (with a
single membrane) which are
stacked like pancakes. Closely
associated with the edges of the
flattened sacs you will see vesicles
which have pinched off from the
Golgi.
Vacuole
Vacuoles have the simple
structure of a sac, a single
membrane surrounding solid
or liquid contents.
There are a wide variety of
vacuoles, containing a wide
variety of substances.
Many plant cells contain a
large central vacuole filled
with water.
Credits/References
References Used
Biology". Student Handbook, vol. 2. Nashville: Southwestern Company,
1995
Clark, John. The Cell: A Small Wonder. New York: Torstar Books, Inc., 1985
de Duve, Christian. A Guided Tour of the Living Cell, vol. 1-2. New York:
Scientific American Books, Inc., 1984
Swanson, Carl P. and Peter L. Webster. The Cell, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey: Prentice hall, Inc., 1977
Chromosome picture (index.html, structure.html) courtesy of Krishna
Creinsa.
All illustrations done by Noreen Khalid.
All graphic work done by Robert Pongsajapan.
Refer to Webliography for Internet sites.
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