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Chapter 8 – Westward Expansion
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Mining and Ranching (Sec. 1)
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Importance: led to development of __________________________ and contributed to settlement
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Types of Mining:
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Placer Mining -______________________________________________________________
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Quartz Mining - _____________________________________________________________
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(Which was done by average miners and which by big corporations?) __________________
Boom Bust Cycle
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What led to growth of boomtowns? _____________________________________________
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Characteristics of boomtowns
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More ___________________ than _________________________________
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Often violent
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Few ____________________________, many _____________________________
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An example of a boomtown
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________________________________ (Comstock Lode- Henry Comstock)
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Leadville – what was discovered here? ______________________________
Effects of Mining of Industry
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New _________________________________/______________________________ from the west were sent to Eastern factories
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More industrial output means a need for more _________________________________
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Which leads to more _____________________________
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Larger cities
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more _______________________________ to contend with
Ranching and Cattle Drives
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In __________________, millions of ________________________________
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2 things led to development of western cattle ranching:
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____________________________
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Cattle could be sent to market in the east where huge _____________________ could be made!
Railroads
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By 1860, RRs had reached the ____________________________________
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Ran through ____________________ & Abilene, KS, and _________________________.
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Would be the destinations of the earliest cattle/long drives
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Soldiers back east need food to eat
Development of the ____________________________
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What led to a town’s decline (bust)?
Western Settlement (Section 2)
(Why were they running the cattle to the railroads?)
_____________________________________________________________________
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What led to settlement?
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Most important factor? - _______________________
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_______________________________________________________________________
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Sold __________________________ to pay for construction
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Provided ____________________ to prospective _________________________________
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_______________________________ established by the __________________________, signed by
__________________________________
Homestead Act of 1862
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What is a homestead?
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_________________________________________________________
What did the Homestead Act do?
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Provided ________________________ for anyone who would settle on the land and work it for ______________________. After that
long, you owned it.
The Wheat Belt
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Geography of the Great Plains
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Receives only _________________ of rain per year (In Corsicana we usually get 34-36 in per year)
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Innovations needed to farm the G.Ps.
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_____________________________________
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New technology needed
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__________________________, ____________________, ______________________, __________________________,
____________________.
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Well suited for wheat (_______________________________)
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New tools meant fewer workers needed to plant on more land
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____________________________________
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Led to _______________________________
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Large wheat farms producing large yields of crops, often 1000s of acres
Problems
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Farmers and Ranchers experienced problems in the late _____________________________.
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Harsh winters killed many cows
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______________________________ wiped out entire harvests of wheat and other crops
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Many farmers/ranchers _______________________________________
Closing of the Frontier
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Planting seeds down deep where there is ________________________.
Frederick Jackson Turner’s “Safety Valve” theory
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Believed the frontier was a ___________________________________, easing pressure off American society in the east.
Allowed Americans to make a ___________________________
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With closing of the frontier, the social problems in the cities would increase, because there was not a place for a new beginning
– you’d have to make do here.
The Native Americans (Sec. 3)
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Culture of the Great Plains
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Most were ________________________ - define:_____________________________________
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Worshiped nature-based religions
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Led by a tribal chief
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Men’s roles
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______________________________________________________________
Women’s roles
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______________________________________________________________
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Pressure from Settlement
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More settlers meant less ________________________________
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Some tribes voluntarily relocated to reservations in exchange for government __________________________________ (payments)
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One such group was the Dakota Souix, led by __________________________________
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The Dakota Uprising
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Had moved to the ________________________________________
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Promised ________________________________________________
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US government did not pay them in 1862 (what was happening in 1862?)
___________________________________________
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Chief Little Crow asked for credit – denied (“Let them eat grass or…dung”)
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Angered the Indians, led to the uprising; many settlers killed.
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Put down by the ______________________; executions reviewed by ________________________ - the largest
mass execution in US History (38)
Other issues
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To prevent further uprisings, _______________ went further into Indian lands – led to more trouble
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____________________were promised land in the _____________________ – more settlers came in; more settlers
died
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Led to _________________________
Sand Creek
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Rising tensions in the 1860s
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Settlers are attacked coming into _______________________________
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________________________________ tribe called to Sand Creek to talk
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Attacked, and killed by _________________________________________
The Indian Peace Commission
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Proposed creating two large _____________________________________
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Failed; leaders pressured into signing what they could not live with.
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_____________________________________________________________.
Battle of Little Bighorn
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_____________________________ – leader of the 7th Cavalry; Civil War hero
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Expedition sent to round up ___________________ and ___________________ tribes.
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Launched 3-pronge attack; Not aware of his enemies’ numbers. All killed –
_______________________________________
Chief Joseph
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___________________ flee to Canada instead of going to a reservation in Indian Territory
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Captured ____________________________________
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Chief Joseph’s speech
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“_________________________________________________________”
The Last Indian War – Wounded Knee
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___________________ – Sioux reservation
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Many participated in the _________________________, which they believed would drive off the “whites” and bring
back the ________________________
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____________________________ killed
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Led others to flee; pursued by federal soldiers. Last challenge to government authority
Assimilation
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Dawes Act –
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Ended __________________________________ of land
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Granted 160 acres of reservation land for _________________; more for larger families
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Remaining lands would be sold and this put into a __________ for the Indians
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Few succeeded at farming; most did not want to.
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No legislation would solve the “_____________________________”