The Coming of the War 1931-1942
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Pearl Harbor/”a date which will live in infamy”US naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by
Japan on Dec. 7, 1941; it brought the US into war
and ended the Great Depression at home; FDR
stated that Dec. 7th would always be
remembered
WACS Women’s Army Corps were created to
provide defense workers, instructors, lab techs.
More than 150,000 women volunteered, 600
received medals and 57,000 nurses served during
WWII.
Pearl Harbor
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit
of a Japanese Pilot
USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor Memorial
2,887 Americans Dead!
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!
President Roosevelt Signs the
US Declaration of War
BATAAN DEATH MARCH
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Bataan Death March and
General MacArthur- 78,000 US
and Filipino forces in the
Philippines led
by MacArthur surrendered to the
Japanese; the prisoners were
forced on a 60 mile death march
with no food or water; 10,000
soldiers died on the march;
MacArthur was rescued from the
island and promised “I shall
return”
DOOLITTLE RAIDS
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DooLittle Raids James
DooLittle led a raid of 16 B25s bombers to attack
Tokoyo. They killed 50
Japanese and damaged
over 100 buildings.
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To maintain the United States as an
“arsenal for democracy” in World War II,
Congress passed the —
A Dawes Act.
B Lend-Lease Act.
C Open Door Policy.
D Good Neighbor Policy.
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Which of the following events had the
GREATEST influence on the United States’
entry into World War II?
A Adolf Hitler invaded Poland.
B Germany sank the Lusitania.
C Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
D General MacArthur was captured in the
Philippine Islands.
Which of the following is true of the Selective
Training and Service Act of 1940,
 commonly referred to as the military draft?
 A It required both men and women to register
for military service.
 B It required able-bodied men between the ages
of 15 and 65 to register.
 C It mandated military service for all high-school
dropouts.
 D It was enacted during a period when the
United States was at peace.
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Battle of Midway- important naval battle b/t
the US and Japan; the US won and it is
considered the “turning point” in the war in
the Pacific
Battle of the Coral Sea-the USA sent USS
Lexington and USS Yorktown to stop Japan
from taking over Australia. It was a pacific
theatre, island hopping halt. Many call it a
strategic draw but it forced Japan to call off
their attack.
SATURATION BOMBING
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When British planes
dropped massive amounts
of bombs on Germany
during World War II.
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The goal of saturation
bombing was to inflict
major damage.
STRATEGIC BOMBING
American military and
bombing missions focused
heavily on Japanese
industrial and political
areas.
 Tuskegee Airmen were a
squadron of AfricanAmerican fighter pilots.
They led 1500 missions and
did not loose a bomber.
Major effort for civil rights.
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During World War II, industrialists in the
United States contributed to the war effort
by —
A increasing the salaries of child laborers.
B converting factories into military hospitals.
C building houses for the families of soldiers.
D making weapons instead of consumer
goods.
WOMEN & LABOR
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Many women went to
work.
Rosie the Riveter- symbol
of the working woman in
WWII; encouraged women
to get a job to support the
war effort; said “We Can Do
It”
AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND
LABOR
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Out of 100,00o labor workers,
only 240 wee African-Americans.
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A. Philip Randolph asserted
African Americans did not want
2nd class citizenship. He started
the Double V Campaign.
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Executive Order 8802 created
the Fair Employment Practices
Commission to address hiring.
JAPANESE INTERNMENT
CAMPS
Internment of JapaneseAmericans- FDR signed an
act to “intern” or round-up
thousands of JapaneseAmericans
 that lived on the west coast
and send them to
“relocation centers” in the
interior of the US; we
worried that they might be
spies for the Japanese
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INTERNMENT
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Temporary imprisonment
Niesi—slang for Japanese
Americans
442nd combat team- an all
volunteer regiment made
up of Jap-Am soldiers; won
more Congressional
Medals and other medals
than any other regiment;
trained at Camp Shelby,
MS
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$42 billion to $289 in 6 years
Sold war bonds
Production increased
Income taxes raised
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war bonds- Americans would loan the govt
money for the war effort with the promise to be
repaid plus
interest; made Americans feel like they were
contributing in the war effort
rationing- when the govt. rationed goods to
ensure that essential items were available for
the soldiers; also
 began to prevent inflation (ex. Tires for the
rubber; nylon pantyhose for parachutes, etc.)
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Technology in WWII- radar detected
airplanes, sonar detected ships and
submarines, atomic bomb was used to end
the war
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Island Hopping Campaigns
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D-Day liberation of France from German
control
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
German Prisoners
Higgins Landing Crafts
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Albert Einstein advised FDR to make the
development of bomb “secret”. He was a
major scientist in the development.
Manhatten Project was the code name given
to the development of the bomb.
Robert Oppenheimer developed the
construction of the bomb.
August 6, 1945
American troops drop
bombs on Hiroshima
 August 9, 1945 the
USSR invaded Japan
and USA bombed
Nagasaki.
 Japan surrendered.
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Holocaust
12m Jews and others
killed
Anti-semitism
Nuremberg Laws
Genocide
Concentration Camps
War Refugee Board
Japan surrenders!
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Reasons Truman used the a-bomb- 1) to end
the war, 2) to save American (and Japanese)
lives, 3) to avoid an
invasion of mainland Japan, 4) to intimidate
the Soviet Union, 5) for revenge at Pearl
Harbor, 6) the
Japanese would not surrender and it was
the only alternative left
VJ Day- “Victory in Japan”; Japan surrenders
on Sept. 2, 45
Mussolini &
His Mistress,
Claretta
Petacci
Are Hung in
Milan, 1945
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Italian
leader
Hitler Commits Suicide
April 30, 1945
Cyanide & Pistols
The Führer’s Bunker
Mr. & Mrs. Hitler
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New
Federal
politician
The campaigns at Iwo Jima and Okinawa wiped out
any lingering doubts that the Japanese would resist
invaders to the last breath.
 On July 26, 1945, three weeks after the re-conquest
of the Philippines, Allied leaders assembled at
Potsdam sent an ultimatum to the enemy: “The
alternative to surrender is prompt and utter
destruction.”
 On August 6 the first atomic bomb to be used in
warfare was dropped on Hiroshima.
 Russia declared war on August 8 and overran the
Japanese forces in Manchuria. On August 9, a
second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.
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Island hopping strategy- the Allies would only try
to recapture those islands that would help them
launch an
invasion of mainland Japan
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Navajo Code Talkers- Navajo Indians were used
as code talkers and helped the Allies
communicate without fear of having our
messages translated; the code-talkers were kept
classified until the 1980’s in
case we needed to use them again
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Postwar Germany?
Eastern Europe, especially
Poland?
 United Nations?
 Japan?
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Zones of Occupation
Reparations
War Crimes Tribunal
“unconditional surrender”
OR
“”utter destruction”
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In order to defeat the Japanese in the
Pacific during World War II, the United
States used
which of the following military tactics?
A Blitzkrieg
B Genocide
C Trench warfare
D Island-hopping
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The federal government raised money for
World War II efforts in all of the
following ways EXCEPT —
A selling war bonds.
B defaulting on reparations payments.
C raising personal income taxes.
D borrowing funds.
Which of the following contributed MOST to
President Truman's decision to use
 the atomic bomb against Japan?
 A The belief that an invasion of Japan would
cause massive United States casualties
 B The desire to retaliate against Japanese
kamikaze bombers
 C The need to conserve troops for the war effort
in Europe
 D The desire to demonstrate United States
technological superiority
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The MAIN justification for the internment
of Japanese Americans after the
bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 was to —
A protect them from anti-Japanese riots and
demonstrations.
B preserve the security of the United States.
C adhere to the Open Door Policy.
D prevent leaks about the development of
the atomic bomb.
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Yalta Conference- Feb. 45; meeting b/t
Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill; discussed
how to divide Germany among the Allies
when the war was over; also included the
promise by Stalin to help the US fight Japan
and to hold free elections in countries they
now occupied; Stalin broke this promise
which
led to the Cold War
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The General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade
(GATT)was a treaty designed in 1948 to
reduce tariffs and expand world trade. GATT
was created to develop financial stability
around the world.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights was
established. It condemned slavery and
torture, upheld freedom of speech and stated
that everyone was entitled to a reasonable
standard of living.
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Nuremberg Trials for war crimes
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Civil Rights Truman desegregates the
military.
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The United Nations is made up of six main bodies,
one of which is the Security
Council. At the time of its founding, five nations—
China, France, Great Britain,
the Soviet Union, and the United States—were
permanent members of the Security
Council. What did these five permanent members
of the Security Council have in
common?
A They were all communist nations.
B They were all Axis powers during World War II.
C They were all gold-standard countries.
D They were all Allied powers during World War II.