Come and go with me
LETS TAKE A LOOK INTO BIOLOGY
I. What is Biology?
A. Biology- the study of life.
B. Organism- anything that possesses
all the characteristics of life.
II. CHARACTERISTICS of
LIVING THINGS
A. Have an orderly structure (Organization)
B. Produce offspring (Reproduction)
C. Grow and develop
1. Growth- results in an increase in the
amount of living material and formation
of new structure
2. Development- All the changes that take
place during the life of an organism
D. Adjust to changes in the environment.
1. Environment- An organism’s
surroundings including air, weather,
temperature, and any other organisms
in the area.
III. RESPONSE to the
ENVIRONMENT
A. Stimulus- any condition (external
or internal) in the environment that
requires an organism to react.
B. Response- a reaction to stimulus.
C. Homeostasis- regulation of an
organism’s internal environment to
maintain conditions suitable for it’s
survival “steady state”.
1. Living things reproduce
themselves, grow and develop,
respond to external stimuli and
maintain homeostasis by using
“ENERGY”
D. Energy- the ability to cause change.
 Organisms get their energy from
food.
IV. LIVING THINGS ADAPT
and EVOLVE
A. Adaptation- any structure,
behavior or internal process
that enables an organism to
respond to stimuli and better
survive in an environment.
1. Inherited from previous
generations.
2. Individuals with more suitable
adaptations are more likely to
survive.
B.
Evolution- the gradual change in a
species through adaptations over
time.
Homework: Define the Following
Vocabulary Words








Adaptation
Development
Environment
Homeostasis
Organization
Response
Species
Stimulus
Biology
Energy
Growth
Organism
Reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
V.
A.
B.
C.
Species- group of organisms that
can interbreed and produce fertile
offspring in nature..
Theory- explanation of a natural
phenomenon. “Explains nature”
Law- describes nature.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Define the Problem
2. Collect Information
3. Form a Hypothesis
1. Explanation or
tentative answer to
a question
4. Experiment
1. Investigation that
test a hypothesis
5. Collect Data from
experiment
6. Draw Conclusion
7. Publish Information
*** PAGE 17 METHODS
VI.
A.
Some experiments
involve 2 groups
1. Control Group
a. Control- standard… all
conditions stay the same
(shows what happens if
there is not change to the
independent Variable).
2. Experimental Group
a. Test Group. One single
condition is tested.
1. Independent Variable(manipulated variable)
Changed condition.
2. Dependent Variable- 2
(responding variable)
Changes the result from
the independent
variable.
PAGE 13
VII.
A. Science was developed because humans
have always been curious about the
natural world. Leading to the beginning of
cause and effect.
B. Science is defined as a process that
produces a body of knowledge about
nature. The application of scientific
research to society’s needs is called
technology.
C. The use and application of science is a
step by step process called the scientific
method.
VIII. SCIENCE
A. LIMITS TO SCIENCE
1. Some things are
untestable because
of the lack of
technology
2. Science cannot
determine what is
socially or morally
correct.
B. KINDS OF RESEARCH
1. Quantitative researchthis research is
analyzed by comparing
numerical data. It may
be used to make tables
or graphs, which allows
for large amounts of
information to be easily
understandable.
2. Qualitative researchexpresses quality and
observational data,
which is written
descriptions of what
scientists observe.
IX. ETHICS
A. Ethics- refers to the moral
principles and values held
by humans.
1.Science may not
consider all possible
ethics. Therefore,
society as a whole must
take responsibility for
the ethical use of
scientific discoveries.
B. Technology- the
application of scientific
research to meet society’s
needs and problems.
Homework: Define the Following
Vocabulary Words









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Control
Experiment
Theory
Ethics
Technology
Franciso Redi
Biotic
Abiotic
Tissue
Organ System
Diversity
Data
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Scientific Method
Louis Pasteur
Biogenesis
Biotechnology
Cell
Organs
Spontaneous Generation

SI- allows for scientist around the
world to have a common basis for
understanding data
METER (m)
LENGTH
RULER
KILOGRAM
(Kg)
LITER (l)
MASS
BALANCE
VOLUME
GRADUATED
CYLINDER
SECOND (s) TIME
STOP WATCH
CELSIUS (c) TEMPERATURE THERMOMETER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
William Harvey: (1628) showed how blood circulates
through the body in blood vessels.
Gregor Mendel: father of heredity, worked with pea plants
Edwin Chargaff: (1947) discovered that for every adenine
there is a thymine, and for every guanine there is a
cytosine-base content of (DNA pairs)
Alexander Fleming: (1928) discovery of the first antibiotic;
penicillin
Robert Hooke: discovered and named the cell while
observing cork
Rachel Carson: warned of the danger of increased
pesticides and the damage it was doing to nature; wrote
“Silent Spring”
Jane Goodall: studied chimpanzees
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Charles Drew: did research in the collection and
storage of blood plasma.
Charles Darwin: developed the theory of evolution
based on natural selection.
James Watson/Francis Crick: (1953) determined
the structure of DNA to be a double helix.
George Washington Carver: (botanist) developed
several industrial uses for the peanut.
Carolus Linnaeus: father of classification
developed two-word system for naming organisms
(binomial nomenclature).
Edward Jenner: (1796) developed a vaccine for
smallpox.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek: 1st microscope.
BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Biology: study of life
Botany: study of plants
Zoology: study of animals
Mycology: study of fungi
Genetics: study of how
characteristics are passed from
parent to offspring.
Anatomy: study of an
organism’s structure
Bacteriology: study of bacteria
Ecology: study of the
interaction of organisms with
their environment
Cytology: study of cells
Embryology: study of early
developmental stages of
organisms
Herpetology: study of reptiles
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Histology: study of tissues
Ichthyology: study of fish
Morphology: study of the gross
anatomy of organisms
Ornithology: study of birds
Parasitology: study of
parasites
Pathology: study of diseases
Physiology: study of internal
function of organisms
Taxonomy: classification of
living things
Virology: study of viruses
Entomology: study of insects
Eugenics: study of heredity in
humans
LANGUAGE of SCIENCE PREFIXES
A or an
Meso
Endo
Aero
Anti
Auto
Bio
Chloro
Cyto
Arth
Di
Mono
Geo
Not or non
Middle
Inside, inner
Needing oxygen
or air
Against
Self
Related to life
Green
Cell
Joint, jointed
Double
Singular or one
Pertaining to earth
Epi
Exo
Above
Outer, external
Gastro
Hemo
Hetero
Homo
Stomach
Blood
Different
Same
Micro
Small
Macro
Large
Multi
Photo
Consisting of many cells
Pertaining to light
Pre
Lipo
Before
Pertaining to fat
LANGUAGE of SCIENCES SUFFIXES
-cyst
-derm
Pouch
Skin, layer
-saccharide
-itis
-logy
Sugar
Inflammation
Study of
-meter
-osis
-phase
Measurement
Condition
Stage
-pod
-stasis
Foot
Stationary condition
-lysis
To break
-syntheses
-phage
To build or make
Eater
*** Pasteur’s Experiment
Redi and Pasteur
Page 380-381
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
(Abiogenesis)
Spontaneous
Generation- the
idea that nonliving
material can
produce life.
Biogenesis- the
idea that living
organisms come
from other living
organisms
PASTEUR’S GOOSE
NECK OR “S” SHAPED
FLASK
WRITE EACH STATEMENT AND COMPLETE THE
BLANK
1.
An organisms surroundings is the ______
2.
Increase in the amount of material is called
_______
3.
Enables an organism to respond to stimuli
and survive is ______
4.
Regulation of an organism internal
environment is _________
5.
Production of offspring is known as ______
6.
A group or organisms that can interbreed
and produce fertile offspring _______
7.
Orderly structure is referred to as _______
8.
________ is a gradual accumulation of
adaptations
9.
A reaction to a stimulus is a _________
10. A living thing is a ________
WRITE AND ANSWER EACH ONE
1. What are some important reasons for studying
biology?
2. Explain the difference between a stimulus and a
response and give an example of each. How do these
terms relate to an organism’s internal environment?
3. Why is energy required for living thing things? How
do living things obtain energy?
4. How are evolution and reproduction related?
USING THE DIAGRAM ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Page 13 Experimenting
1. Who was Redi?
2. Who was Pasteur?
3. Define spontaneous generation.
4. Define biogenesis.
5. What was the independent variable in Redi’s
experiments?
6. Which scientist (Redi/Pasteur) studied vital
forces in air?
7. What was the independent variable in Pasteur’s
experiment?