Culture
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What traits do you see?
Culture
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What traits do you see?
Culture
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What traits do you see?
Culture
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What traits do you see?
Culture
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Culture
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What traits do you see?
Cultural Vocabulary
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Cultural Landscape
Cultural Hearth
Assimilation
Acculturation
Transculturation
Environmental Determinism
Possibilism
Cultural Diffusion
Sequent Occupance
Cultural Landscape
 combined work of nature and man
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 Culture traits that you can see
Cultural Landscape
 combined work of nature and man
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Cultural Landscape
 Which of the following is NOT a part
of the cultural landscape of any area?
– Burial sites
– Houses of worship
– Unemployment rates
– Factories
– Educational institutions
Cultural Landscape
 With your partner discuss ten
possible elements of cultural
landscape.
Cultural Landscape
 With your partner discuss ten
possible elements of cultural
landscape.
 Now discuss ten cultural traits
that do not affect the cultural
landscape.
Cultural Hearths
 Culture began in the hearths.
–examples
Cultural Hearths
 Culture (and thus the landscape) began
in hearths.
 Major Cultural Hearths
– Nile
– Indus
– Huang Ho
– Ganges
– Mesopotamia
– Mesoamerica
– Andes
– West Africa
Cultural Hearths
 What did they have in common?
Cultural Hearths
 What did they have in common?
–Fresh water (rivers)
–Climate
–Ag surplus
–Cultural advancements
Cultural Hearths
 Culture began in the hearths.
 Some are better examples than
others
 Some left a footprint on the
landscape more than others
 Examples of hearths that left a
footprint on the landscape
 Examples that did not
Cultural Hearths
 Modern Cultural Hearths
–Advancement
–Leadership
 London
 Tokyo
 New York
 Shanghai
Cultural Hearths
 Modern Cultural Hearths
–Advancement
–Leadership
 London
 Tokyo
 New York
 Shanghai
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Assimilation
 minority group adapts to the
customs and attitudes of the
prevailing culture
–Irish migration
–German migration
–Italian migration
Acculturation
 Merging of cultures
–African migration
–Asian migration
–Latin migration
Shared traits proportional to
population
Shared but distinguishable
Transculturation
 Ortiz (Cuba)
 Uprooting and replacement of one
culture for another.
(neoculturization)
 Europeans domination of Native
Americans
 Failed in Cuba that led to
acculturation
Culture of the United States
With your partner make a list of
examples to illustrate how the
United States has experienced
assimilation, acculturation, and
transculturation in reference to:
language
religion
music
Cultural Diffusion
 Diffusion = spread or transport
 Cultural Diffusion = spread of traits
Cultural Diffusion
 Diffusion = spread or transport
 Cultural Diffusion = spread of traits
– Contagious
– Hierarchical
– Migrant
Contagious Diffusion
 Examples
–Are they absolute examples?
–Distance decay
–Barriers (examples)
Migrant Diffusion
 Idea or trait begins in one place,
then moves to another without a
lasting impact from where it
departed.
–example
Hierarchical Diffusion
 Hierarchy-order
–Top to bottom
–Basic to advanced
–From large to small
What kind of diffusion?
 Bell bottom pants
 Mexican restaurants
 Rap music
 Large loop earrings
 Internet
Sequent Occupance
 Result of diffusion of multiple ideas or
uses on the cultural landscape
–Movie theater
–Church
–Offices
Examples
Diffusion
 Think back to the examples of
assimilation, acculturation and
transculturation of language,
religion and music in the United
States.
Diffusion
 Think back to the examples of
assimilation, acculturation and
transculturation of language,
religion and music in the United
States.
 How did the diffusion of each
take place?
Limitations??
Environmental
Determinism
Vs
Possiblism
Environmental Determinism
 Huntington, Borrows, etc.
 Environment determines behavior
– Far north, harsh, hard working, not
very smart.
– Warmer equatorial climate, lazy, no
hurry, apathetic
– Temperate, leaders, good balance
Environmental Determinism
 Late 1800’s early 1900’s
 Ratzel, Semple, some thought
Darwin
Environmental Determinism
 Late 1800’s early 1900’s
 Ratzel, Semple,
 Led to racism, Nazism,
imperialism
 Opposition in early 1900’s
Possiblism
 Sahlins, Sauer
 Counter determinism
 Examples
Possiblism
 Sahlins, Sauer
 Counter determinism
 Examples
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Possiblism
 Sahlins, Sauer
 Counter determinism
 Examples
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Possiblism
 Sahlins, Sauer
 Counter determinism
 Examples
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Possiblism
 Sahlins, Sauer
 Counter determinism
 Examples
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Organic Theory
 Ratzel
 States are like living organisms
Organic Theory
 Ratzel
 States are like living organisms
 They live, they grow, they will
get larger and stronger…. And….
Organic Theory
 Ratzel
 States are like living organisms
 They live, they grow, they will
get larger and stronger…. And….
They die
Organic Theory
 Ratzel
 States are like living organisms
 They live, they grow, they will
get larger and stronger…. And….
Give examples
FRQ #2 2002
 With reference to each of the
following, explain how religion has
formed the cultural landscape.
Support each explanation with one
specific example.
 A. Sacred sites
 B. Burial practices/sites
 C. Architecture
 D. Place names
Continuation of Concepts
 Diffusion
–Agriculture
–Technology
–Governments
–Fashion
Continuation of Concepts
 Culture
–Religion
–Language
–Agriculture
–Urban areas
Last question
 What cultural landscape has had the
largest effect on the earth?