Define regulation.
Textbook pgs. Pgs621 -627 p. 621 vocab and Q’s 1-4



COORDINATION &
CONTROL OF LIFE
ACTIVITIES.
ACHIEVED BY BOTH:
ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS
SYSTEMS WORKING
TOGETHER


CONSIST OF GLANDS

GLANDS WORK TOGETHER TO
MAINTAIN STABLE INTERNAL
BALANCE. How??

PERMIT ANIMALS TO RESPOND
TO INTERNAL and EXTERNAL
CHANGES.

are glands that secrete their product directly into the bloodstream rather than through a duct

Are chemical messengers that carries a signal from one cell
(or group of cells) to another via the blood

Hormones regulate the function of their target cells
A hormone receptor is a receptor protein on the surface of a cell or in its interior that binds to a specific hormone

Textbook pgs. 621-625 vocab and Q’s 1-4

A characteristic of hormones and enzymes that allows them to work effectively with other organic molecules is their
 specific shape
 small size
 concentration of carbon and hydrogen atoms
 high-energy bonds

Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals?
 starches and simple sugars
 subunits of DNA
 vitamins and minerals
 receptor molecules

E
N
I
N
E
D
O
C
R
N
D
S
G
L
A

is located just above the brain stem
Controls the pituitary gland

The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue and anger


CALLED THE “MASTER
GLAND”

MAKES HORMONES THAT
INFLUENCE OTHER GLANDS

LOCATED AT BASE OF THE
BRAIN

about the size of a pea
The pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating homeostasis

1. Growth hormone
2. Prolactin - to stimulate milk production after giving birth
3. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - to stimulate the adrenal glands

4. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) - to stimulate the thyroid gland
5. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) - to stimulate the ovaries and testes
6. LH (luteinizing hormone) - to stimulate the ovaries or testes
7. Oxytocin –stimulates the contractions of the uterus during birth

Located between the larynx & the trachea
The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body

The thyroid controls how quickly the body burns energy (called metabolism how sensitive the body should be to other hormones
1. Thyroxin
2. Calcitonin

REGULATES THE
RATE OF
METABOLISM IN
THE BODY
REGULATES
THE BLOOD
CALCIUM
LEVEL

PATCHES OF TISSUE EMBEDDED IN
THE THYROID GLAND produces parathormone
REGULATES CALCIUM
& PHOSPHATE
METABOLISM

SIT ON TOP OF THE KIDNEYS
Hormones Produced:
Cortisol and Adrenaline
They are chiefly responsible for regulating the stress response

DAY 2
Complete matching column worksheet
HW: Handout

Epinephrine is a "fight or flight" hormone, and plays a central role in the short-term stress reaction. It is released from the adrenal glands when danger threatens or in an emergency.
It increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels

Nor-epinephrine
Stimulates reverse reaction of epinephrine

Exocrine -> secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine
Endocrine -> secretes hormones into the bloodstream

The pancreas is a gland/ organ in the digestive and endocrine system
Contains cells called
Islets of
Langerhans

CONTROLS CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM

THIS SECRETION IS CONTROLLED
BY THE CONCENTRATION OF
GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD

DECREASES BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL

INCREASE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL
PROMOTES THE CONVERSION OF
STORED SUGAR (GLYCOGEN) TO
GLUCOSE IN THE LIVER

•An ovary is an egg-producing organ found in female organisms.
•It is found in pairs as part of the female reproductive system.
•Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males.

Stimulates:
 production of follicles (future egg cells)
 onset of secondary sex characteristics (broaden hips & breasts)

Works with Estrogen to REGULATE the female menstrual Cycle

•Located outside the body cavity in the scrotum
•Functions -
Production of sperm cells
Production of male hormone >>>>>
Stimulates the male reproductive system onset of secondary sex characteristics
Ex. Deeper Voice & Facial Hair

Handout
Endocrine system handout
(feed back mechanism)

Dynamic equilibrium or homeostasis results from the ability of organisms to detect and respond to stimuli.
A feedback mechanism is a process where the level of one substance or activity of an organ/structure influences another substance or structure in some manner.

Humans maintain a relatively constant body temperature of about 37 ° C.
•when we "heat up" we sweat if possible
•the evaporation of this perspiration returns the body to its original temperature
•When we are too cold we shiver

Homeostasis by Plants

Do Now: review book
HW:
Castle learning (Endocrine system)

When there is not enough of a particular hormone being secreted creating a deficiency
Undersecretion

A release of an excessive amount of a particular hormone
Oversecretion

(ak–ro–MEG–ah–lee): Disorder in which the pituitary overproduces growth hormone, resulting in abnormal enlargement of the extremities— nose, jaw, fingers, and toes; in children, the disorder produces gigantism.

Women’s hands with
An Endocrine disorder
Called agromegaly.
Normal
Women’s
Hand

Disorder in children in which the pituitary overproduces growth hormone, resulting in abnormal enlargement of the extremities (nose, jaw, fingers, and toes) and the long bones, causing unusual height.
Robert Wadlow 8’ 11”

Leonid
Stadnyk
8’ 5”

Bao Xishun 7’ 9” He Pingping 2’ 4”

condition of growth retardation resulting in abnormally short adult stature and caused by a variety of hereditary and metabolic disorders.
“ dwarf” was used to describe individuals with disproportions of body and limb, while
“midget” referred to those of reduced stature but normal proportions; today neither word is used, the term “little people” is widely accepted

Hyperthyroidism:
Disorder in which an overactive thyroid produces too much thyroxine, which causes….
a swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland.
(just below Adam's apple or larynx)

(die–ah–BEE–teez MUL–le–tus):
Disorder in which the body's cells cannot absorb glucose, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to the effects of insulin that is produced.
Type 1, Type 2, Gestational Diabetes

TYPE 1 – “Juvenile” an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic cells are destroyed
TYPE 2 – “Adult Onset”
Insulin resistance in target cells
GESTATIONAL – “pregnancy”
Insulin resistance due to hormonal changes