BONES VOCABULARY – 3
1. Cultural Resource Management (CRM)
Profession that focuses on the management and preservation of cultural resources, such
as archaeological sites or artifacts, protecting them for future generations.
2. Colonial Archaeology
In North America, defined as a division of Historical Archaeology concerned with
European colonization of the New World and with interactions between native
inhabitants, Europeans and Africans from about A.D. 1500 onwards.
3. Rescue Archaeology
The swift excavation and collection of artifacts at sites in immediate danger of
destruction, usually by major land modification or construction projects (as in
construction of a road or dam). Archaeologists record and recover as much of the site as
they can in the brief period before it is destroyed. Also known as Rescue Archaeology.
4. Industrial archaeology
Studies building and remains that date to after the industrial revolution and focuses on
technological change.
5. Environmental archaeology
The science of reconstructing the conditions that existed when the people being studied
were alive.
6. Mesoamerican archaeology
Archaeology that focuses on Central America and Mexico.
7. Egyptian archaeology
Archaeology that focuses on Egypt.
8. Prehistoric archaeology
Archaeology that focuses on time periods before the invention of writing.
9. Modern archaeology
the study of modern society using archaeological methods (ie. Garbology).
10. Underwater archaeology (a.k.a. Marine archaeology)
Archaeology that takes place under water. It usually involves shipwrecks and often uses
remotely operated vehicles such as with the Titanic, but also can include surveys and
excavations.
11. Disaster archaeology
Uses archaeological methods to investigate the aftermath of mass-fatality events and
deals with urgent needs such as victim identification and scene investigation.
12. Historical archaeology
Deals with the physical evidence of activities by people who also left written records of
their history. In the U.S. the historical period began primarily with European colonizing
efforts in the late 15th century.
13. Experimental archaeology
Replicates or attempts to replicate past processes to understand how the deposits came
about.
14. Ethnoarchaeology
The ethnographic study of living peoples to see how they organize and use objects in
order to help them understand the archaeological record.
15. Classical archaeology
The archaeological investigation of the great Mediterranean civilizations of Ancient
Greece and Ancient Rome.
16. Battlefield archaeology
The specific study of a particular archaeological horizon in which a military action
occurred.
17. Cuticle –
A scale structure covering the exterior of the hair.
18. Imbricate cuticle –
A flattened-scale type consists of overlapping scales with narrow margins.
19. Coronal Scale Pattern –
Crown like scale pattern that resembles a stack of cups
20. Spinous Cuticle –
Petal-like scales are triangular in shape and protrude from the hair shaft.
21. Medulla –
A cellular column running through the center of the hair
22. Medullary index –
The ratio of the width of its medulla to the width of the hair itself. It is calculated by
dividing the width of the medulla by the width of the hair shaft.
23. Cortex –
The main body of the hair shaft which contains pigment granules.
24. Anagen Phase –
Initial growth phase during which the hair follicle actively produces hair.
25. Catagen Phase –
Transition phase between anagen and telogen phases of hair growth.
26. Telogen Phase –
Final growth phase in which hair naturally falls out of skin.
27. Follicular Tag –
Translucent piece of tissue surrounding the hair’s shaft near the root