Anatomy and
Physiology
Study Guide
Chapter One
Jay Bailey
jbailey@baileystudios.com
Chapter One
Organization and
general
plan of the body
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
Anatomy is?
The study of the body
structure
Physiology is?
The study of how the body
functions
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
Pathophysiology is?
The study of disorders of
functioning
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Levels of Organization”
The body is organized in structural and
functional levels of increasing
complexity.
Name the four levels of
organization.
Chemicals, Cells, Tissues,
Organs, and Organ Systems
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Levels of Organization”
Name the two major
categories of chemicals.
Inorganic and Organic
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Chemicals”
Chemicals that are simple
molecules of one or two elements
(other than carbon) are called?
Inorganic
Chemicals that are very complex
(and contain carbon and
hydrogen) are called?
Organic
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Cells”
Cells are the largest living
units of structure and
function. True or False
False : Cells are the smallest
living units of structure and
function.
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Tissues”
A tissue is a group of cells
How many groups of tissues are
there?
Four
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Tissues”
What are the four groups of
tissues?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle,
and Nerve
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Tissues”
Epithelial Tissues do what?
Cover or line body surfaces
Connective tissues do what?
Connect and support parts of the body
Muscle Tissues do what?
Contraction, and movement
Nerve tissues do what?
Generate and transmit electrochemical
impulses
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Organs”
An organ is a group of tissues
precisely arranged so as to accomplish
specific functions.
Name four examples of an
organ.
Kidneys, Liver, Lungs, and
Stomach
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Organ systems”
An organ system is a group of organs
that all contribute to a particular
function.
Name three examples of
an organ system.
Urinary, Digestive, Respiratory
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Body Parts and Areas”
Terms and Definitions
Axillary
Armpit
Brachial
Upper Arm
Buccal (Oral)
Mouth
Cardiac
Heart
Cervical
Neck
Cranial
Head
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Body Parts and Areas”
Terms and Definitions
Cutaneous
Skin
Deltoid
Shoulder
Femoral
Thigh
Frontal
Forehead
Gastric
Stomach
Gluteal
Buttocks
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Body Parts and Areas”
Terms and Definitions
Hepatic
Liver
Iliac
Hip
Inguinal
Groin
Lumbar
Small of back
Mammary
Breast
Nasal
Nose
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Body Parts and Areas”
Terms and Definitions
Occipital
Back of head
Orbital
Eye
Parietal
Crown of head
Patellar
Kneecap
Pectoral
Chest
Perineal
Pelvic Floor
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Body Parts and Areas”
Terms and Definitions
Plantar
Sole of foot
Popliteal
Back of knee
Pulmonary
Lungs
Renal
Kidney
Sacral
Base of spine
Temporal
Side of head
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Body Parts and Areas”
Terms and Definitions
Umbilical
Navel
Volar (palmar)
Palm
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Terms of location and position”
When describing relative
locations, the body is
always assumed to be in
the ________
anatomic position.
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
Name the two major
cavities.
Dorsal (posterior)
and
Ventral (anterior)
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
Dorsal Cavity
The Dorsal cavity contains the
central nervous system and
consist of what two cavities?
Cranial and Spinal
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
Dorsal Cavity
The cranial cavity is formed by the
skull and contains the
_______
brain .
_______
The spinal cavity is formed by the
Backbone
(spine) and contains the
_____________
____________
Spinal cord .
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
Dorsal Cavity
The membranes that line these
cavities and cover the brain and
spinal cord are called the
meninges
___________.
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
Ventral Cavity
The ventral cavity consist of what
two compartments?
Thoracic and Abdominal
(separated by the diaphragm)
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
Ventral Cavity
Organs in the thoracic cavity
heart and ______,
include the _______
lungs
and the membranes of the
thoracic cavity are serous
pleural
membranes called the _______
membranes.
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
Ventral Cavity
Organs in the abdominal cavity
stomach
liver
includes the ______,
________
intestines
and __________.
The membranes of the abdominal
cavity are also serous membranes
peritoneum and
called the ____________
mesentery
___________.
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
Ventral Cavity
The pelvic cavity is inferior to the
abdominal cavity.
Within the pelvic cavity are the
urinary bladder and
________
reproductive organs.
____________
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Terms of Location and Position”
Terms and Definitions
Superior
Above, higher
Inferior
Below, lower
Anterior
Toward the front
Posterior
Toward the back
Ventral
Toward the front
Dorsal
Toward the back
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Terms of Location and Position”
Terms and Definitions
Medial
Toward the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
Internal
Within, or interior to
External
Outside, or exterior to
Superficial
Toward the surface
Deep
Within, or interior to
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Terms of Location and Position”
Terms and Definitions
Central
The main part
Peripheral
Extending from the main
part
Proximal
Closer to the origin
Distal
Farther from the origin
Parietal
Pertaining to the wall of a
cavity
Visceral
Pertaining to the organs
within a cavity
Chapter One Organization and general
plan of the body
“Planes and Sections”
When internal anatomy is described,
the body or an organ is often cut or
sectioned in a specific way so as to
make particular structures easily
visible.
There are five sections (planes),
name them.
Frontal (or Coronal)
Sagittal
Transverse
Cross
Longitudinal
Chapter One Terminology and general
plan of the body
“Planes and Sections”
Give definitions for the five listed
sections below:
Frontal
Sagittal
Separates front & back parts
Separates right & left parts
Transverse
Separates upper & lower parts
Cross
A section perpendicular to the long
axis
A section along the long axis
Longitudinal
“Areas of the Abdomen”
The abdomen is a large area of the lower trunk of the body
Pick area before
clicking, one at a time.
Lumbar
Umbilical
Hypochondriac
Epigastric
lliac
Hypogastric
The end of
Chapter One
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