Pelvis, Perineum,
and the
Reproductive
Systems
Objectives

Describe the contents and arrangement of structures in
the pelvic cavity in both genders

Draw or describe in detail the pelvic diaphragm in both
genders

Compare and contrast the reproductive systems and
pelvic contents for clinical correlations

Analyze the role of the pelvic diaphragm in pressure
balance
Pelvis
Greater Pelvis (False)
Lesser Pelvis (True)
Ligaments
In the following AP pelvic
radiograph, the arrow indicates:
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
the sacrotuberous
ligament.
B. the ischial spine.
C. the ischial tuberosity.
D. the iliac tubercle.
E. a posteriorly dislocated
femoral head.
.
ne
pi
al
s
th
e
isc
hi
al
t
isc
hi
th
e
ub
er
os
a
t
h
ity
po
e
.
ili
st
ac
er
io
tu
rly
be
di
rc
slo
le
.
ca
te
d
fe
m
...
th
e
sa
cr
ot
ub
er
ou
s
lig
am
en
t.
A.
Anteroinferior wall
Lateral walls
Posterior wall
Pelvic Diaphragm
The levator ani:
is innervated by
pelvic splanchnic
nerves.
B. actively contracts
during coughing.
C. causes increased
urination when
spastic.
D. actively contracts
during inspiration.
A.
..
ns
gi
ur
in
at
io
n
co
nt
ra
ct
sd
ac
tiv
el
y
re
as
ed
ur
in
ur
in
se
si
nc
ca
u
...
gc
ou
.
la
...
sp
co
nt
ra
ct
sd
lvi
c
pe
by
ac
tiv
el
y
ne
rv
at
ed
in
is
p.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
Which of the following is
incorrect pertaining to the sacral
plexus?
C.
It is joined by the lumbosacral
trunk.
D.
It may be compressed during
parturition, resulting in lower
limb pain.
E.
Most of its branches exit the
pelvis through the lesser sciatic
foramen.
on
It is related to the anterior
surface of the piriformis muscle.
It
B.
is
lo
ca
te
d
It is located on the
posterolateral wall of the lesser
pelvis.
It
A.
th
is
e
re
po
la
st
te
er
d
ol
to
It
a.
th
is
..
jo
e
an
in
ed
te
rio
by
rs
It
th
...
m
e
lu
ay
m
be
bo
co
sa
m
cr
M
p
a.
os
r
..
e
to
ss
ed
fi
ts
du
br
r in
an
...
ch
es
ex
it
th
e.
..
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Bladder - Male
Bladder - Female
Urethrae
Rectum
Clinical Relevance

Chronic constipation caused by PFD

Urinary incontinence and Overactive bladder

Twice as common in women

Pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, anatomy
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Female Anatomy
Which of the following is
incorrect pertaining to the pelvic
diaphragm?
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
ry
in
a
ur
ta
in
ta
in
is
s
It
It
he
lp
sm
ai
n
ai
n
sm
he
lp
fe
yn
ca
on
lc
on
ym
ti.
ou
..
sw
ith
th
el
e.
..
ai
va
gi
n
th
e
by
It
ie
rc
ed
co
n.
..
n.
..
ca
vi
ty
...
pe
lv
ic
e
th
is
p
E.
It
D.
ra
te
s
C.
se
pa
B.
It separates the pelvic
cavity from the perineum.
It is pierced by the vagina
in females.
It helps maintain urinary
continence.
It helps maintain fecal
continence.
It is synonymous with the
levator ani.
It
A.
Pressure balance and
stabilization

Thoracic inlet


Thoracic outlet


Abdomen
Pelvic inlet


Thorax
Pelvis
Pelvic outlet
Respiratory pump

Vena Cava

During inspiration, thorax has negative pressure while
abdomen has positive pressure

Pulls blood up into thorax, pushes blood out of abdomen
Other factors that increase
abdominal and pelvic pressure

Inspiration

Coughing

Sneezing

Lifting/Stabilizing
Effect on pelvis

With high abdominal pressure, pressure in pelvis increases
se
!
25%
ft
he
lo
...
ai
nt
m
ay
ie
rp
at
Al
be
ay
Yo
u
oc
cy
xm
ec
Th
fe
el
p
br
o
a.
..
m
gm
ph
ra
cd
ia
D.
el
vi
C.
ep
B.
The pelvic
diaphragm may be
stretched or torn
The coccyx may be
broken
Your patient may
feel pain sitting
All of these!
Th
A.
ke
n
Your patient is a new mom. Which
of the following do you need to be
aware of?
25% 25% 25%
Final Exam

75 total questions

15 T/F

60 MC

2+ hours

Rules
Review
Your patient has a weak serratus
anterior. Which activity would
you prescribe to strengthen it?
25%
Ju
m
pi
25%
an
ks
Pl
ng
ja
ck
s
Ro
w
s
D.
up
s
C.
in
B.
25%
Chin ups
Rows
Jumping jacks
Planks
Ch
A.
25%
Your patient turned their head
too fast and felt sudden pain
right behind their ear. Which
25%
nerve was pulled on?
la
r
pr
ac
la
vi
cu
su
ve
rs
e
Tr
an
s
Gr
ea
t
au
ric
u
ce
rv
ica
l
la
r
l
D.
ita
C.
se
ro
cc
ip
B.
25% 25%
Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse
cervical
supraclavicular
Le
s
A.
25%