The Elbow
Bones
• Humerus
• Ulna
• Radius
Humerus
•
•
•
•
•
•
Capitulum
Trochlea
Olecranon Fossa
Coronoid Fossa
Medial Epicondyle
Lateral Epicondyle
Ulna
•
•
•
•
•
Olecranon Process
Trochlear Notch
Coronoid Process
Radial Notch
Ulnar Tuberosity
Radius
• Head
• Neck
• Radial Tuberosity
Articular Capsule
• Articular Cartilage
•
Provides smooth, low
friction gliding surface
• Synovial Membrane
• Fibrous layer
Ligaments
• Articular Capsule
• Radial Annular Ligament
• Ulnar Collateral Ligament
• Radial Collateral Ligament
Ligaments
• Interosseous
Membrane
Bursae
• Subtendinous Olecranon Bursa
• Intratendinous Olecranon Bursa
• Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa
Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa
Tennis Elbow
•
Tennis elbow is caused by either an
abrupt or subtle injury of the muscle and
tendon area around the outside of the
elbow. Tennis elbow specifically involves
the area where the muscles and tendons
of the forearm attach to the outside
boney area (called the lateral epicondyle)
of the elbow.
•
Lateral epicondylitis
Fun Video
http://youtu.be/RQKQYsiFi6k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQKQYsiFi6k&feature=youtu.be
Nerves
• Median
• Radial
• Ulnar
• Musculocutaneous
Nerves
•
Musculocutaneous Nerve- It penetrates the coracobrachialis muscle and passes between the biceps brachii and the
brachialis, to the lateral side of the arm. A little above the elbow it pierces the deep fascia lateral to the tendon of the
biceps brachii and continues into the forearm as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
•
Ulnar Nerve- The Ulnar Nerve enters the flexor compartment of the forearm through the flexor Carpi ulnaris and runs
alongside the ulnar bone. There it innervates the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris muscle & medial half of Flexor Digitorum
Profundus muscle.
•
Radial Nerve- The radial nerve and its branches provide motor innervation to the dorsal arm muscles (the triceps
brachii and the anconeus) and the extrinsic extensors of the wrists and hands; it also provides cutaneous sensory
innervation to most of the back of the hand.
•
Median Nerve- It innervates all of the flexors in the forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and that part of flexor
digitorum profundus that supplies the 2nd and 3rd digits. The latter two muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve
(specifically the Muscular branches of ulnar nerve).
Nerves
Arteries
•
•
•
•
•
Brachial Artery
Deep Brachial Artery
Ulnar Artery
Radial Artery
Superficial Palmar
Arch
Arteries
•
Recurrent Interosseous
Artery (K)
•
Anterior Interosseous
Artery (L)
•
Posterior Interosseous
Artery (O)
Veins
•
•
•
•
•
Brachial Vein
Cephalic vein
Basilic Vein
Median Cubital Vein
Median Antebrachial
Vein
• Dorsal Venous Arch
Muscles
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Biceps
Triceps
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Supinator
Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus
Biceps
• Origin: Long Head- supraglenoid
tubercle of scapula, Short Headcoracoid process
• Insertion: Radial Tuberosity and
Bicipital grooves
• Actions: supinates forearm and
elbow flexion
• Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Triceps
• Origin: Long Head- infraglenoid
tubercle, Lateral Head- Posterior
surface of humerus superior to radial
groove, Medial Head- Posterior
surface of humerus inferior to radial
groove
• Insertion: Olecranon process of
ulna
• Actions: Elbow Extension
• Nerve: Radial nerve
Brachialis
• Origin: Distal half of anterior surface
of humerus
• Insertion: Coronoid process and
ulnar tuberosity
• Actions: Elbow flexion
• Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Brachioradialis
• Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge
on the humerus
• Insertion: Styloid process of the
radius
• Actions: Elbow flexion
• Nerve: Radial Nerve
Supinator
• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of
humerus and adjacent ulna
• Insertion: Anterior surface of the
proximal radius
• Actions: forearm Supination
• Nerve: Radial Nerve
Pronator Teres
• Origin: Medial epicondyle of
humerus and coranoid process of
ulna
• Insertion: Lateral aspect of radius at
its midpoint
• Actions: Forearm Supination, assists
in elbow flexion
• Nerve: Median Nerve
Pronator Quadratus
• Origin: Distal fourth of ulna
• Insertion: Distal fourth of radius
• Actions: Forearm Pronation
• Nerve: Median Nerve
Note: Both Pronator Teres and Pronator
Quadratus assist in forearm pronation at
opposite ends of the radius to help rotate the
radius over. Whereas the Supinator alone
(bigger muscle) supinates forearm.
Surface Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
• Lateral Epicondonyle
• Medial Epicondyle
• Radial Styloid Process
• Ulnar Styloid Process
• Olecranon
• Cubital Fossa
• Medial Bicipital Groove
• Triceps Tendon
• Biceps Tendon
Carrying Angle
•In anatomical position how your elbows
bend naturally. Is the name for the angle of
the forearms and how they angle away from
the body.
•In males the carrying angle (10-15 degrees)
•In females the carrying angle (15 degrees)
(more pronounced)
Thank You!!