Human Geography
By James Rubenstein
Chapter 11
Key Issue 2
March 22, 2016
Where is industry
distributed?
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3/4th of world’s industrial power
is concentrated in four regions.
Eastern North America
Northwestern Europe
Eastern Europe
East Asia
Less than 1% of Earth’s surface
is devoted to industry.
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North America
5% the land area contains 1/3rd of
the population and nearly 1/3rds of
the manufacturing output.
Early settlement gave the east
coast, the Great Lakes, and
major rivers the advantage in
becoming the dominant regions.
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Clusters of Manufacturing
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Major
manufacturing
is highly
clustered in
several
regions
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New England
The oldest industrial region.
It began with the textile
industry, using cotton grown in
the U.S..
Known today for its skilled, but
expensive labor.
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Middle Atlantic
Between New York City and
Washington.
Industries dependent on imported
raw materials located near ports.
Financial, communication, and
entertainment industries located
in New York City.
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Mohawk Valley
An industrial belt located along the
Hudson River and Erie Canal
connecting New York City with the
Great Lakes.
Niagara Falls generated electricity
that attracted aluminum, paper,
and electrochemical industries.
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Pittsburgh-Lake Erie
Steel manufacturing located in
region due to proximity of coal
and iron, and
the rivers and Lake Erie that
offered easy transportation of
iron ore.
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Western Great Lakes
Chicago, Illinois was the hub of the
nation’s transportation network
between the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts.
Automobile manufactures and other
industries located there to take
advantage of the transportation.
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St. Lawrence ValleyOntario Peninsula
Centrality to Canadian markets,
proximity to the Great Lakes,
and access to hydroelectric
power of Niagara Falls.
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11
Changing Distribution of
U.S. Manufacturing
Manufacturing has declined in
the Northeast and grown in
the South and West.
The Gulf Coast has become
important due to access to oil
and natural gas.
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Right-to-work States
A U.S. state that has passed a
law preventing a union and
company from negotiating a
contract that requires workers
to join a union as a condition
of employment.
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The West Coast
 Los Angeles is country’s largest
clothing production region.
 San Diego has attracted industries
that support naval operations.
 Silicon Valley south of San Francisco
is source of production of computers
and semiconductors.
 Seattle is home of Boeing and
Microsoft.
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Manufacturing in Urban Areas
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Western European
Industrial Regions
Rhine-Ruhr (Belgium to
Germany)
Mid-Rhine (France and
Germany)
United Kingdom
Northern Italy
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Manufacturing
Centers of
Western Europe
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Rhine-Ruhr Valley
Western Europe’s most
important industrial area.
Between two rivers, near large
coal fields.
Rotterdam, located at the
mouth of the Rhine, is the
world’s largest port.
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Mid-Rhine
Western Europe’s second most
important industrial area.
Center of important consumer
markets.
Luxembourg is among world’s
leading steel producers.
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United Kingdom
Where Industrial Revolution
began.
Offset outmoded factories, by
developing high-tech
industries.
Newer industries located near
Chunnel.
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Northern Italy
Located in the Po River Basin.
Large inexpensive labor, and
cheap hydroelectric power.
Raw-material processors and
mechanical-parts assemblers.
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Eastern European Regions
Central District (around Moscow)
St. Petersburg District
Eastern Ukraine District
The Volga District
The Urals District
Kuznetsk District
Selesia
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Manufacturing Centers
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Central Industrial District
Russia’s oldest region.
With under-abundance of
natural resources, produces
1/4th of industrial output.
Products tend to be high-value
relative to their bulk.
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St. Petersburg Industrial
District
Eastern Europe’s second largest
city.
Proximity to Baltic Sea,
stimulates shipbuilding
industry.
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Eastern Ukraine Industrial
District
Contains one of the world’s
largest coal reserves and large
deposits of iron ore,
manganese, and natural gas.
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The Volga Industrial
District
Between the Volga and Kama
Rivers.
Russia’s largest petroleum and
natural gas fields.
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The Urals Industrial
District
Contains more than 1,000 types
of minerals.
Industrial development hindered
by lack of nearby energy
sources.
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Kuznetsk Industrial
District
Most important district east of
Urals.
Country’s largest reserves of
coal and abundant supply of
iron ore.
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Silesia
Southern Poland, and northern
Czech Republic.
Abundant supply of coal, but
iron ore must be imported for
its steel industry.
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East Asia
Japan is one of the world’s
wealthiest countries.
China has the world’s 2nd
largest economies.
South Korea and Taiwan are
important industrial powers.
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Manufacturing
Centers in
East Asia
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Japan
Shortage of natural resources,
but has highly trained and
motivated labor pool.
The world’s leading
manufacturer of automobiles.
A leader in electronics.
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China
A large domestic market, and
cheap labor have attracted
foreign industrial investment.
Leading exporter of clothing to
the U.S.
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